This ELISA kit provides quantitative measurement of human TNF (tumor necrosis factor) in research applications focused on immunology and inflammatory signaling. Because TNF is often secreted at low picomolar concentrations by stimulated immune cells in vitro, this kit is designed to capture biologically meaningful differences across activation conditions and treatment groups.
Detection Range: The 7.8–500 pg/mL range aligns with TNF concentrations typically produced by LPS-stimulated monocytes, activated macrophages, and T cells in culture. Most stimulated cell supernatants fall within this window without dilution, though strongly activated macrophage cultures may require modest dilution to remain on-curve.
Sensitivity: At 1.95 pg/mL, the kit detects TNF at levels produced by unstimulated or weakly activated immune cells, enabling measurement of baseline secretion and subtle changes caused by low-dose stimuli or anti-inflammatory compounds.
Sample Compatibility: Validation for cell culture supernatants directly supports in vitro immunology workflows — including monocyte/macrophage polarization studies, T cell activation assays, and drug screening panels targeting NF-κB-dependent TNF release.
Assay Efficiency: The 1–5 hour protocol and 50–100 µL sample volume accommodate experiments using primary human PBMCs or differentiated macrophages, where conditioned media volume is limited and multiple cytokines must be measured from the same collection.
This kit is well-suited for studies in sepsis modeling, anti-TNF drug screening, and innate immune pathway characterization.