PTHLH

Parathyroid hormone-like hormone PTHLH, also known as parathyroid hormone-related protein PTHrP, is a multifunctional peptide hormone consisting of three promoters and nine exons, which can produce three different carboxyl-terminal variants due to alternative splicing. It was initially found to be associated with hypercalcemia in malignant tumors, but subsequent studies have shown that PTHLH is widely expressed in various adult and fetal tissues and is involved in important biological processes such as morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation regulation, and placental calcium transport. PTHLH binds to its specific receptor PTH1R to activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including G protein signaling cascades, adenylate cyclase, phospholipase C, cAMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and Ca2+, which play a key role in embryonic development, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Therefore, PTHLH not only plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body, but also plays a complex role in tissue development and disease occurrence.