CCL20

CCL20, also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It binds exclusively to the G protein-coupled receptor CCR6, mediating chemotaxis of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. This ligand-receptor interaction activates downstream pathways including NF-κB and MAPK, regulating immune surveillance and inflammatory responses. CCL20 is crucial for mucosal immunity and lymphoid tissue development, while its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions.

Elevated CCL20 expression correlates with autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) and malignancies such as colorectal cancer, where it promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Therapeutic strategies targeting the CCL20-CCR6 axis include monoclonal antibodies (e.g., BMS-813160) and small-molecule CCR6 antagonists (e.g., CCX5077), with several candidates in Phase I/II trials for inflammatory bowel disease and multiple myeloma. Recent studies explore its role in modulating gut microbiota interactions and CAR-T cell trafficking, expanding potential clinical applications.