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Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.
Gene References into Functions
In a replication study of the association between the prolactin receptor gene intron C/T polymorphism (rs37389) and recurrent miscarriage, no association was found.PMID:28980840
Low PRLR expression is associated with Triple Negative Breast Cancer.PMID:27480353
These results illustrate promising antitumor activity against PRLR-positive breast cancer xenografts and support the evaluation of anti-PRLR antibody-drug conjugate as potential therapeutic agents in breast cancer.PMID:28377489
Prl receptor is expressed at different levels in the majority of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Prolactin stimulation resulted in increased STAT5 phosphorylation and increased cellular invasion.PMID:27788487
PRLRI146L and PRLRI176V variants are not associated with breast cancer or multiple breast fibroadenomas risk.PMID:27575941
This study identified 4 PRLR variations (p.Ile76Val, p.Ile146Leu, p.Glu108Lys and p.Glu554Gln) in 16 Sporadic Prolactinoma in Humans.PMID:26641246
results highlight PRLR as an independent predictor of favorable prognosis in human breast cancerPMID:26317306
Two markers for the PRL peptide gene and three markers for the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were genotyped.PMID:26513615
The prolactin receptor is constitutively expressed on regulatory T and effector T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and this expression is higher than in healthy individuals.PMID:26844452
There is a possible role for PRLR in the progression of cervical cancer.PMID:24990775
Study shows that position 146 plays a central role in directing intrinsic properties of the PRLR, including extracellular domain folding, PRL-responsiveness, and ligand-independent activity of the receptor.PMID:25524456
Data suggest that (1) cell membrane/lipid bilayer binding of PRLR and (2) tyrosine phosphorylation of PRLR intracellular domain are independent.PMID:25846210
long PRLR plays an important role in breast cancer metastasis.PMID:26095602
a residue quartet in the extracellular membrane proximal domain of the homodimeric cytokine receptor prolactin receptor is a key regulator of intracellular signaling discriminationPMID:25784554
PRL induced transient signaling pathways in neurons and modulated ion channels. [review]PMID:24758841
exposure to prolactin increases TNF-alpha release from CD14(+) monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients, which can be abolished by PRLR gene silencing or treating with MAPK inhibitor.PMID:24997655
High MFAB expression is associated with testicular germ cell tumor and glioblastomas.PMID:24391856
Negative/low expression is associated with poorly differentiated and larger breast tumors in PolandPMID:24249584
Major changes in prolactin receptor conformation and dimerization affinity are triggered by single mutations in critical regions of D1.PMID:24735798
PRL-R attenuation post-transcriptionally increased ZnT2 abundance and redistributed intracellular Zn pools into lysosomes and mitochondria.PMID:24333596
Hypertrimethylation on H3K27 of the p53 gene promoter region due to elevated expression of DeltaS2 PRLR by alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA in its full-length form might serve as a new mechanism underlying prostate cancerPMID:24032713
Data suggest that signal transduction via prolactin and prolactin receptor plays role in trophoblast cell migration and invasion; PRLR is expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblasts and first-trimester placental bed tissue.PMID:23849393
PRL-induced transient signaling in sensory neurons is governed by PI3K or PKCepsilon, mediated via the PRLR-S isoform, and transient effects mediated by PRLR-S are inhibited by presence of PRLR-L in these cells.PMID:24142695
SNPs of the PRLR gene 5' UTR and promoter region are associated with increased risk for gestational diabetes in a population of Chilean subjects.PMID:23651351
Thus, the familial hyperprolactinemia appears to be due to a germline, loss-of-function mutation in PRLR, resulting in prolactin insensitivity.PMID:24195502
Results demonstrate a novel function for hepatic PRLR in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and provide important insights concerning the nutritional regulation of PRLR expression.PMID:23775766
Our data suggest that prolactin receptor presence meaningfully affects growth hormone receptor use in breast cancer cells.PMID:23192981
The prolactin receptor transactivation domain is associated with steroid hormone receptor expression and malignant progression of breast cancerPMID:23159947
Our results indicate no significant association of prolactin and PRLR polymorphisms with clozapine response, tardive dyskinesia diagnosis or its severity in patients with schizophreniaPMID:21305610
can be activated by three sequence-diverse human hormones: prolactin, GH, and placental lactogen [review]PMID:22577091
PRLr isoforms expression and PRLr subcellular localisation are altered in parathyroid tumoursPMID:22606260
The structure of the human prolactin receptor reveals a structural link between the WSXWS motif, hormone binding, and receptor dimerization and we propose it as a general mechanism for class 1 receptor activation.PMID:22325776
PRL signaling through the long form prolactin receptor causes reduced fatty acid oxidation, increased lipid storage, glucose intolerance, and obesity.PMID:21989556
data provide limited support for an association between common variations in PRLR and breast cancer riskPMID:21470416
The association of the PRLr with HMGN2 enables Stat5a-responsive promoter binding, thus facilitating transcriptional activation and promoting anchorage-independent growth.PMID:21816901
Our study suggests the prolactin receptor gene is a molecular target that may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of lobular neoplasiaPMID:20658264
Enhanced complex formation of ERalpha dimer with SP1 and C/EBPbeta by E2 has an essential role in the transcriptional activation of the hPRLR gene.PMID:21670145
Data show that cells expressing higher long:short PRLR ratios had increased growth, survival and migration in response to PRL and suggest that PRLR antagonists may be therapeutically beneficial in ovarian cancer.PMID:21775057
Endogenous GH receptor(GHR) and PRLR associate, possibly as a GHR-PRLR heterodimer, in human breast cancer cells and GH signaling in these cells is largely mediated by the PRLR in the context of both PRLR-PRLR homodimers and GHR-PRLR heterodimers.PMID:21310852
The positive correlations in positivity rate between the PRL-R and ER/PR expressions are found only in CerbB-2 positive patients with breast cancer.PMID:20335148
SIRPalpha modulates PRL receptor-associated signaling as a function of integrin occupancy by mediating integrin-PRL receptor cross-talk and contributing to breast cancer biology.PMID:20826546
both Zn(2+) and human PRLr binding influence human PRL conformers in an interdependent fashionPMID:21510945
Functional impact of manipulation on the relative orientation of human prolactin receptor domains.PMID:21591677
Progesterone induces expression of the prolactin receptor gene through cooperative action of Sp1 and C/EBP transcription factorsPMID:21238538
Rabbit antibodies have high titer and could specifically recognize each isoform of PRLR in breast cancer cell lines and human breast carcinoma biopsies.PMID:21144038
Prolactin receptor signaling contributes to the local inflammatory response within the atherosclerotic plaque and thus to atherogenesis.PMID:21068074
Blockade of the PRLR represents a novel treatment for patients with advanced breast or prostate cancer with limited therapeutic options.PMID:20846877
acetylation and deacetylation provide the rheostat-like regulation for the cytokine receptor PRLR in its cytoplasmic loop dimerization and subsequent STAT5 activationPMID:20962278
This study allowed to visualize for the first time the loop L5 spanning PRLR2 residues Thr133-Phe140, revealing its central implication for the three intermolecular interfaces of the 1:2 complex between natural prolactin and two PRLR chains.PMID:20875426
prolactin receptor expression is common in colorectal cancerPMID:20453834
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Subcellular Location
Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 7]: Secreted.
Protein Families
Type I cytokine receptor family, Type 1 subfamily
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in breast, placenta, kidney, liver and pancreas.