LAIR1

LAIR1, a key player among immunoglobulin-like receptors, is prominently expressed on immune cells, including natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. This receptor interacts with collagen, its high-affinity ligand, to initiate a signaling cascade that includes the autophosphorylation of immune receptor tyrosine inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). This interaction subsequently leads to the recruitment of phosphatases such as SHP-1 and SHP-2, which are essential for dampening immune responses and protecting self-cells from destruction. Within the tumor microenvironment, the collagen/LAIR1 interaction is pivotal in suppressing anti-tumor responses. The aberrant expression of LAIR1 is correlated with the development of a range of cancers, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for tumor immune evasion and a candidate for immunotherapeutic intervention.