Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by a cytotoxicity assay using murine L929 cells is less than 5 pg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.0x108 IU/mg in the presence of actinomycin D.
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH7.4, with 0.02 % Tween-20
Lead Time
5-10 business days
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha protein (LTA) (Active)
Description
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha protein (LTA) (Active) is a partial length protein expressed without tag in the E.coli. Its expression region corresponds to 35-205aa of human LTA protein. Its purity was determined by SDS-PAGE and reached up to 96% and presented a molecular mass band around 18.7 kDa on the gel. It was validated to be biologically active through functional ELISA analyses. The endotoxin of this recombinant protein is less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method. This recombinant LTA proteins in-stock are available.
LTA is a cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Diseases associated with LTA include Psoriatic Arthritis and Leprosy 4.
Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
Gene References into Functions
The LTA were significantly increased in SZ patients, but no significant difference in the mRNA levels of LTA was observed between SZ patients and NC subjects.PMID:28476335
There are independent and additive interactions between LTalpha +252 G/G genotype, chronic viral hepatitis, and habits of substance use on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.PMID:28738973
Independent and additive interaction between polymorphisms of TNFalpha -308 and lymphotoxin alpha +252 on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B has been reported.PMID:28865603
The C allele for rs1042522 in p53 was genetically associated with a higher risk for RD but not for PVR in this cohort. This is the first association study attempting replication of PVR-associated risk alleles in a nonwhite population.PMID:28106707
The results of this study showed that neither -252 G/A nor -804 C/A polymorphism of the LTA gene was found to be associated with overall stroke as well as any subtype of IS excluding SVD in North Indian population.PMID:26707826
this study found an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism LTA +252 with the development of sepsis in Colombian patientsPMID:27592234
Fequencies of polymorphic allele and genotypes for the lymphotoxin-alpha gene, position +252 (rs909253), in Brazilian women with preeclampsiaPMID:26561241
The allelic frequencies of LTA SNPs were found to be significantly associated with the risk of oral cancer and precancerous lesionsPMID:27312561
rs909253 in LTA was identified to be significantly associated with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in this study population, but no significant association was found between ankylosing spondylitis risk and LTA rs2239704 or rs2229094PMID:28489756
study showed that heterozygous variant (AG) genotype of TNF-beta was associated with persistent primary immune thrombocytopenia, when compared with controlsPMID:26761582
a positive correlation of HLA-DRB1*12 and a negative correlation of HLA-DRB1*13 with younger patientsTNFb4 allele's negative association with older patients displaying higher PSA levels, higher GS and positive surrounding tissue involvement; positive association of TNFb5 allele for both older and younger patientsPMID:27102235
the present study suggests LTa +252G as a risk alleles for disease susceptibility associated with higher serum levels of LTa and concomitant discrete clinical features among Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients in IndiaPMID:27838362
this study shows that TNF-b is elevated in wound exudates of patients with hidradenitis suppurativaPMID:27819528
LTA -804C/A gene polymorphism is not found to be associated with the susceptibility of ischemic stroke in both Asian as well as in Caucasian population.PMID:27411794
After multivariable analysis TNF-alpha polymorphism showed no consistent association with leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the LT-alpha +252 AA polymorphism is associated with the risk of leukemiaPMID:27647233
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin in Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation.PMID:27914457
joint effects of these CRP, TNF-alpha, and LTA risk alleles with physical inactivity in elders were observed, suggesting that physical activity may modulate effects of genotypes on handgrip strength.PMID:27056089
No association was found between two promoter variants of TNF and LTA, and diabetic retinopathy in a large cohort of Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetesPMID:26821796
Polymorphism +252 LT gene did not show any significant association with COPD.PMID:26932696
TNFB+252G/A was associated with presence of immune thrombocytopenia.PMID:26076780
LTalpha plays a role in malignant angiogenesis and disease progression in Cutaneous T cell lymphoma and may serve as a therapeutic target in this disease.PMID:25915535
LTA polymorphism is associated with genetic susceptibility of systemic lupus in Asians, but not in rheumatoid arthritis.PMID:25931031
Studied the association between immuno-modulatory gene polymorphisms (including LTA) and risk for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma in a Chinese population. Found The LTA +252 GA + AA genotypes were associated with increased risk for NK/T-cell lymphoma.PMID:26108796
TNF-beta NcoI polymorphism, by itself, was not associated with increased stroke susceptibility. But the homozygous genotype for the allele TNFB2 was associated with higher expression of classical inflammatory and metabolic markers of stroke.PMID:25063351
These results support an association between ANKK1 and LTA genetic markers and vulnerability to schizophrenia and show the potential influence of just one copy of the mutant C or G allele in the Egyptian population.PMID:26114114
Studied six SNP loci: (rs2279115 of BCL2 gene, rs804270 of NEIL2 gene, rs909253 of LTA gene, rs2294008 of PSCA gene, rs3765524 and rs10509670 of PLCE1 gene) to evaluate gastric cancer risk using magnetic nanoparticles and universal tagged arrays.PMID:26554163
TNF-alpha (-308G/A), TNF-beta (+252A/G) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A) polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of oral lichen planus.PMID:26221924
Elite controllers of HIV infection present marginal zone-like B-cell populations which IL-10 and LT-alpha expression profiles may favour homeostasis of immune responses and lymphoid microenvironments.PMID:25003989
Biotin-pulldown assay showed that HuR specifically interacts with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the LTalpha mRNAPMID:25980610
The AA genotype of LT-alpha + 252 was significantly associated with shortened overall or leukemia-free survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts.PMID:23931336
MTHFR, TGFbeta1, and TNFB polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis.PMID:25981594
statistical evidence for the interactions between 1) TNF/LTA SNP rs2229094 and depression symptoms for average pain intensity and duration and 2) IL1B two SNP diplotype and kinesiophobia for average shoulder pain intensityPMID:24598699
The TNFB2/B2 genotype of TNF-beta NcoI polymorphism was associated with increased inflammatory and metabolic markers and this association was different according to sex of MS patients.PMID:25173940
Review/Meta-analysis: Suggest lymphotoxin-alpha +252A/G gene polymorphism is a risk factor for NHL in North Americans, and this polymorphism may contribute to diffuse large B cell lymphoma susceptibility.PMID:24610621
Combinations of cytokine gene network polymorphic markers as potential predictors of myocardial infarctionPMID:25735143
The findings appear to support the hypothesis that genetic variability of 252A>G polymorphism in TNF-beta region may modulate risk of migraine in the population of Asian ancestry.PMID:24959879
Studies indicate that tumor necrosis factors TNF-alpha/TNF-beta and their receptor TNFR1 and TNFR2 play a regulatory role of different immune cells.PMID:24896334
This indicates an association between polymorphism of the TNF-beta gene and post-operative sepsis, suggesting the TNFB2/B2 genotype as a high-risk factor for the development of sepsis after elective surgery.PMID:24796628
IL-6-174 SNP is rare or not seen in the Han population in Guangzhou, so SNP at this locus cannot be selected for disease association analysis.PMID:25140780
Our findings suggest that Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cell-derived LTalpha is an important mediator that contributes to T cell recruitment into lesional lymph nodes in Hodgkin lymphoma.PMID:25139349
TNFB2 allele was associated with the presence of multiple sclerosis independently of HLA-DRB1 in white patients and the TNFB2/B2 genotype was associated with increased TNF-alpha levels in white and brown patients.PMID:24696164
TNFB +252A/G and exon 3 C/A polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibilityPMID:24312346
A significant association was detected between LT-alpha +249A/G and increased risk of diabetes, in particular for young-onset patientsPMID:24233435
TNF and LTA genetic polymorphisms contribute to SLE susceptibility in the Egyptian population and are associated with disease characteristics.PMID:24420856
Polymorphisms of the LTA gene can probably be used with other genetic markers together to identify individuals at high susceptibility to myocardial infarction.PMID:24642747
These results suggest for the first time that TNF-beta is involved in microenvironment inflammation in chondrocytes during rheumatoid arthritisPMID:24283517
our meta-analyses suggested that the LTA rs1041981, rs2239704 and rs2229094 polymorphisms contributed to the increased risk of cancers.PMID:24349304
This study provides evidence for rs1799724 at the LTA/TNFalpha locus as a susceptibility factor for idiopathic achalasia.PMID:24259423
TNF-alpha -308 A/G and LT-alpha +252 A/G polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis in an European population.[META-ANALYSIS]PMID:24197700
The TNF-beta gene A252G polymorphism might be a potential risk factor for the development of sarcoidosis. (Meta-analysis)PMID:24244632
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Subcellular Location
Secreted. Membrane. Note=The homotrimer is secreted. The heterotrimer is membrane-associated.