Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Value-added Deliverables
① 200ug * antigen (positive control); ② 1ml * Pre-immune serum (negative control);
Quality Guarantee
① Antibody purity can be guaranteed above 90% by SDS-PAGE detection; ② ELISA titer can be guaranteed 1: 64,000; ③ WB validation with antigen can be guaranteed positive;
In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response which coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of pppGpp which is then hydrolyzed to form ppGpp. The second messengers ppGpp and c-di-GMP together control biofilm formation in response to translational stress; ppGpp represses biofilm formation while c-di-GMP induces it. ppGpp activates transcription of CsrA-antagonistic small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, which downregulate CsrA's action on translation during the stringent response.
Gene References into Functions
The boomerang-shaped RelA with a wingspan of more than 100 A wraps around the A/R (30S A-site/RelA-bound) tRNA.PMID:27434674
We propose that the open conformation of RelA on the ribosome relieves the autoinhibitory effect of the CTD on the NTD, thus leading to stimulation of (p)ppGpp synthesis by RelA.PMID:27226493
Here we review the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial cell cycle regulationPMID:27240988
Amino acid starvation induces net binding of RelA to 70S ribosomes.PMID:26480956
Mutations in relA, but not necessarily inactivating mutations, can be selected to compensate total SpoT function(s) loss in Escherichia coli.PMID:25188023
Transcription of relA, a key gene responsible for the synthesis of ppGpp, is activated by NtrC during nitrogen starvation.PMID:24947454
ppGpp dramatically increases the turnover rate of its own ribosome-dependent synthesis by RelAPMID:22814757
RelA protein stimulates the activity of RyhB small RNA by acting on RNA-binding protein HfqPMID:22393021
Data show that RelA is on the ribosome under nonstarved conditions.PMID:21730169
6S RNA regulates transcription of relA encodes a ppGpp synthase.PMID:20829285
suggestion that stringent factor formed a complex with tRNA in solution that had higher affinity for the ribosomal A-sitePMID:15670150
Six different L11 point and deletion-mutants have been constructed to determine which regions of L11 are necessary for the activation of stringent factor.PMID:17095013
the omega subunit of RNA polymerase is involved in regulation of the relA genePMID:17233676
The interaction between (p)ppGpp synthases and acyl carrier protein restricted to bacteria containing the RelA and SpoT proteins.PMID:18996989
RelA has a previously unrecognized role in ribosome function.PMID:19168615