CTNNB1

The CTNNB1 gene, found on chromosome 3, encodes β-catenin, a crucial part of the cell adhesion complex that promotes adhesion between epithelial cells and supports tissue cohesion. Central to the Wnt signaling pathway, CTNNB1 manages cell growth and differentiation. Normally, β-catenin is targeted for proteasomal degradation through phosphorylation and ubiquitination in the absence of Wnt signals. But with Wnt signaling active, β-catenin builds up, translocates to the nucleus, and binds to TCF/LEF transcription factors to activate specific gene expression. Aberrant CTNNB1 activity or mutations are associated with the development of several types of cancer, such as colorectal, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinomas, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in tumor treatment.