Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. LCK then initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of T-helper cells. In other cells such as macrophages or NK cells, plays a role in differentiation/activation, cytokine expression and cell migration in a TCR/LCK-independent pathway. Participates in the development of T-helper cells in the thymus and triggers the differentiation of monocytes into functional mature macrophages.
Gene References into Functions
Adoptive transfusion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells into Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis model rats has significant therapeutic effects.PMID:29772575
Increased C4d deposition may be amenable to identify early myocardial infarction after cardiac arrest.PMID:26467126
Data show several homologies across human, rat and mouse in the kinetic of loss of several LAgs such as CD5, CD4 and CD28.PMID:21745657
testicular macrophages expressed the markers CD45 and MAC387 and most also expressed CD4.PMID:11994538
C4d deposition and cellular infiltrates as markers of acute rejection in rat models of orthotopic lung transplantation.PMID:18622289
In this EAE model, perivascular cells, microglia and macrophages showed different dynamics; microglial cells expressed CD4 during the recovery phase, suggesting microglial CD4 expression in the resolution of the immune response.PMID:19246105
Clear trend toward worse graft survival in patients with focal C4d after kidney transplantaation.PMID:19344468
Capillary C4d deposition is a marker of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation and can be detected by various staining methods.PMID:19376373
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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.