Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. LCK then initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of T-helper cells. In other cells such as macrophages or NK cells, plays a role in differentiation/activation, cytokine expression and cell migration in a TCR/LCK-independent pathway. Participates in the development of T-helper cells in the thymus and triggers the differentiation of monocytes into functional mature macrophages.
Gene References into Functions
data showed the critical role of the first extracellular domain of CD4, by obtaining mice with a loss of function mutation from Ile to Asn at the position 99 of CD4 (I99N).PMID:29028486
results suggest that CD4 CD8 double knockout (DN)T cells can develop efficiently in vivo and chronic exposure to bacterial superantigens may precipitate a lupus-like autoimmune disease through activation of DNT cellsPMID:28468970
TCF-1-deficient CD4+ CD8+ double positive thymocytes fail to undergo TCR alpha Valpha14-Jalpha18 rearrangement and produce significantly fewer Natural killer T cells.PMID:25536344
High-fat diet - induced type 2 diabetes decreases the number of ileum IL17/RORgammaT CD4 T cells.PMID:26154056
Results indicate that hypomethylation of Cd4 antigen correlates with stable CD4 expression.PMID:26030024
CD4 is expressed in distinct nanoclusters and does not colocalize with T-cell receptor and active protein tyrosine kinase p56lckPMID:25829544
This study establishes an important role of IgE in abdominal aortic aneurysms pathogenesis by activating CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and macrophages.PMID:24963147
5-kb cis-element is required in postselection thymocytes for helper lineage commitment, presumably mediating the maintenance of CD4 expression, and suggest that inactivation of the cis-element by DNA methylationPMID:24729613
Both type I CD8+ cytotoxic (Tc1) cells and interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8+ (Tc17) cells mediate effective antitumor immunity through distinct effector mechanisms, but Tc1 cells are superior to Tc17 cells in mediating tumor regression.PMID:23315072
Accumulation of CD4 positive effector T cells is a critical step in the progression from mild glomerulonephritis to severe crescentic glomerulonephritis accompanied by tubulointerstitial inflammation and loss of kidney function.PMID:22437418
Thymic selection does not appear to play an important role in CD4+CD8+ T cell receptor (TCR)beta repertoire overlap between individuals.PMID:22826324
CD4-positive cell deficiency impairs IFN-gamma production by CD8-positive effector cells at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.PMID:22837486
galectin-1 inhibition reduces murine lung metastasis with increased CD4(+) and CD8 (+) T cells and reduced cancer cell adherencePMID:22484915
Mice that lack the ability to make both CD8-positive and CD4-positive induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells have accelerated graft-vs-host-disease mortality compared with animals that are competent to make both iTreg populations.PMID:22649199
Danazol induced prolonged cardiac allograft survival and generation of regulatory CD4(+) cells.PMID:22564626
Hepatic stellate cells seem to act as liver-resident antigen-presenting cells instructing the generation of CD4/CD25/Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells.PMID:22564624
Thymic or peripheral CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells cells manifest prominent functional plasticity and readily reprogram into Th1 and Th17 effector cells, particularly in the gut microenvironment or sites of parasitic infection.PMID:22545118
Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) regulatory T cells appeared to be protective against Graft vs Host Disease - induced lethality and required IL-2 and TGF-beta receptor expression for their generation.PMID:22496155
SR-A knockout (SR-A(-/-)) mice developed a more robust Cd4(+) T cell response than wild-type mice after ovalbumin immunization.PMID:22083206
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells from Galphai2-/- mice are functionally active in vitro, but do not prevent colitisPMID:21966415
GITR is not required on the surface of CD4-positive T-cells to induce colitis in mice. Knockout mice develop aggravated chronic enterocolitis via an imbalance of colitogenic Th1 cells and Treg cells.PMID:22155173
leflunomide has an effect on CD4(+)CD25 (+)Foxp3 (+) T regulatory cells in mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantationPMID:22057872
The average percentage of CD154 expression among CD4+ FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells was only about 4-9%.PMID:21496498
AP4 contributes to Cd4 silencing both in DN and CD8(+) T cells by enforcing checkpoints for appropriate timing of CD4 expression and its epigenetic silencing.PMID:21873191
HMGB1 has the ability to directly modulate the suppressive capacity of CD4(+)CD25(+)Tregs, and TLR4 might be a potential receptor essential for the negative effect of HMGB1 on CD4(+)CD25(+)Tregs activityPMID:21419643
aged CD4+ T cell function impairment is intimately related to multiple alterations in aged DCs, rather than being caused solely by intrinsic T cell defectsPMID:21453718
Small intestine CD11c+ CD8+ T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-induced immune colitis.PMID:21436315
Data show that CD8(+) T cell tolerance established in the lung depends only partially on the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.PMID:21518973
anti-TIM3 requires IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells, and a higher ratio of tumor infiltrating CD8(+):CD4(+) T cells correlating with therapeutic successPMID:21430066
Prolonged survival of allografts induced by mycobacterial Hsp70 is dependent on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cellsPMID:21170379
Endogenous matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 regulate activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cellsPMID:20639459
Astragalus membranaceus injection prolonged allograft survival associated with promotion of CD4+ CD25+ Treg activities.PMID:21094858
Results suggest that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells directly affect cisplatin nephrotoxicity and their modulation represents an additional treatment strategy.PMID:20463654
Cotransfer of CD8-positiveCD122-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) clearly suppresses development of colitis, a synergistic effect similar to that of CD4-positiveCD45RB(low) cells that are mostly CD4-positive Tregs.PMID:21098236
T-cell receptor stimulation of HTLV-1 LTR-Tax transgenic CD4+ T cells induced Tax expression, hyper-proliferation, and immortalization in culture.PMID:20634377
impairment of Lck-mediated CD4 coreceptor signaling by Nef is an important in vivo mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesisPMID:20826747
Pulmonary CD11c+ cells are critical for NO2-promoted allergic sensitization via antigenspecifici CD4+ T-cell polarization.PMID:20659336
Data describe why ibalizumab has not had adverse immunological consequences in infected patients but also raise possible steric hindrance mechanisms by which this antibody blocks HIV-1 entry into a CD4-positive cell.PMID:20463063
This significant intracellular storage of LAG-3 appears to facilitate its rapid translocation to the cell surface following T-cell activation, which was much faster for LAG-3 than CD4PMID:20391435
Immunosuppressive agents could be successfully combined with in vitro-expanded CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell therapy to prevent allograft rejection.PMID:20305583
the proximal enhancer (E4(P)) of Cd4 is essential for CD4 expression in immature CD4(+)8(+) thymocytesPMID:20360383
Flt3-L significantly inhibited the effect of cockroach antigen sensitization and challenge to increase GATA3 expression in lung CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.PMID:19448155
CD4 modulates activity of T cells that express an intermediate affinity, histocompatibility class-I restricted T cell receptor.PMID:19923452
These results indicate that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs modify innate immune responses during resolution of lung injury and suggest potential targets for treating acute lung injury.PMID:19770521
Glutamic acid decarboxylase-derived epitopes with specific domains expand CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cellsPMID:19759824
miR-155 is shown to be crucially involved in nTreg cell mediated tolerance by regulating the susceptibility of conventional human as well as murine CD4(+) Th cells to nTreg cell-mediated suppressionPMID:19777054
the effects of Deletion of the CD4 silencer element on thymocyte lineage was examinedPMID:11694883
An organic CD4 inhibitor reduces the clinical and pathological symptoms of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.PMID:11908949
Relationship between CD34 expression and CD4 expression by hematpoietic stem cells and their long-term reconstitution capability.PMID:11937272
CD4 regulatory T cells prevent lethal autoimmunity in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice: implications for the nonredundant function of IL-2PMID:12196288
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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in T-helper cells. The presence of CD4 is a hallmark of T-helper cells which are specialized in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T-cells, regulation of B cells, or activation of phagocytes. CD4 is also present in other immune cells