Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal embryonic patterning, trophoblast function, limb bud development, lung morphogenesis, osteogenesis and skin development. Plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Promotes cell proliferation in keratinocytes and immature osteoblasts, but promotes apoptosis in differentiated osteoblasts. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2 and PAK4. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. FGFR2 signaling is down-regulated by ubiquitination, internalization and degradation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activation or impair normal FGFR2 maturation, internalization and degradation lead to aberrant signaling. Over-expressed FGFR2 promotes activation of STAT1.
Gene References into Functions
During embryogenesis, SOX9-positive (+) cells inside hair follicles, which were previously known to give rise to hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and cells of the hair follicle lineage, can also give rise to Merkel Cells. Interestingly, while SOX9 is critical for HFSC specification, it is dispensable for Merkel cell formation. Conversely, FGFR2 is required for Merkel cell formation but is dispensable for HFSCs.PMID:29899403
Fgfr2 mediated FGF signaling in palate mesenchymal cells is functionally required for palate development at various stages including a possible role in shelf initiation out of the maxillary process on E11.5.PMID:29526646
gain-of-function mutation in FGFR2 exerts a Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent anabolic effect on trabecular bone by promoting bone formation.PMID:28650109
Testis determination involves FGFR2c-mediated repression of both the WNT4- and FOXL2-driven ovarian-determining pathways.PMID:28938467
The results of this study showed that GF22KO mice display longer duration of floating and decreased latency to float in the forced swim test, increased immobility in the tail suspension test, and decreased preference for sucrose in the sucrose preference test, which are all suggestive of a depressive-like phenotype.PMID:27036645
FGFR2 signalling correlates with maintenance of expression of a key transcription factor for basal cell self-renewal and differentiation: SOX2.PMID:28348168
Fgfr2 is seen within submucosal glandular epithelial cells. The medial nasal glands were missing in Fgfr2b mutants.PMID:27590203
Results show that Fgfr2 regulates both the formation and resolution of tetrads and rosettes in the mouse embryo, possibly in part by spatially restricting atypical protein kinase C, a negative regulator of non-muscle myosin IIB.PMID:28538157
Fgfr2 is critical for bladder mesenchyme patterning by virtue of its role in modulation of hedgehog signalingPMID:28052872
Ectopic expression of Fgfr2c was detected within the affected sutures of Bcl11b(-/-) mice. Ectopic expression of Fgfr2c in the sutural mesenchyme, without concomitant changes in the expression of FGF ligands, appears to induce the RUNX2-dependent osteogenic program and craniosynostosis in Bcl11b(-/-) mice.PMID:26453795
Calvarial osteoblasts from Fgfr2c gain-of-function mice had enhanced osteoblastic function and maturation with concomitant increase in ERK-MAPK activation. In vitro inhibition with U0126 mitigated ERK protein activation levels and reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. FGFR2c-mediated ERK-MAPK signaling is a key mediator of craniofacial growth and coronal suture development.PMID:27034231
these data suggest that tropism of influenza Virus to distal lung stem cell niches represents an important factor of pathogenicity and highlight impaired Fgfr2b signaling as underlying mechanismPMID:27322618
isolated deletion of Pten failed to stimulate ectopic fiber cell differentiation, and the combined deletion of Pten and Fgfr2 failed to restore differentiation-specific Aquaporin0 and DnaseIIbeta expression in the lens fiber cellsPMID:26764128
work suggests that FGFR2IIIb and IIIc isoforms largely act redundantly to promote expansion of the adrenocortical primordium.PMID:26141512
Conditional knockout of Fgfr2 revealed stage- and tissue-specficic roles of FGF signaling in multiple processes of external genitalia development among the 3 tissue layers at each developmental stage.PMID:25820239
Study demonstrates that FGFR2 plays an essential role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, and maintaining Pax6 levels in corneal epithelium via ERK-independent pathways during embryonic development.PMID:25615698
Fgfr2 mutant, hobbyhorse, exhibits complete XY gonadal sex reversal.PMID:24956260
the gain-of-function mutation in FGFR2 resulted in histopathological abnormalities and development deformity of mandibular condyle cartilage in mice.PMID:26351052
The finding that ectodermal deletion of Fgfr2 results in the most severe hypospadias highlights a major role for Fgfr2 in the developing genital surface epithelium, where epithelial maturation is required for maintenance of a closed urethral tube.PMID:26081573
endogenous Fgfr2b ligands do not significantly protect against bleomycin injury, nor do they expedite the resolution of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice.PMID:25820524
There are region-specific requirements for FGFR2 signaling in the developing caudal Wolffian duct epithelia.PMID:25678108
The study shows that PDGFRB and FGFR2 mediate endothelial cell differentiation capability of triple negative breast carcinoma.PMID:24747080
The S252W mutation in FGFR2 directly affects endochondral ossification, resulting in growth retardation of the long bone.PMID:24489893
sFGFR2IIIc(S252W) may partially prevent craniosynostosis in the Apert mouse model by affecting the CS and IFS in vivo.PMID:24259495
The influence of the FGFR2 P253R mutation on bone volume changes across the prenatal period and again after birth, while its influence on relative bone density is more stable.PMID:24504751
Loss of FGFR2 in the uterus after birth alters its development, resulting in luminal epithelial stratification and peri-implantation pregnancy loss.PMID:24227756
Data indicate that unique fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2)-related cranial morphologies are exacerbated by late embryonic growth patterns.PMID:24580805
These findings show that FGFR2b-ligands signaling has critical stage-specific roles in maintaining the AER during limb development.PMID:24167544
FGFR2-associated craniosynostosis occurs in association with diminished cranial bone tissuePMID:23358860
Altogether, these results identify an intriguing ligand-dependent mechanism for the control of receptor fate and cellular outputs that may explain the pathogenic role of deregulated FGFR2b, thus offering therapeutic opportunities.PMID:24011590
Marrow stromal cells of Fgfr2(C342Y/+) mice have an autonomous defect in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization.PMID:23762837
Fgfr2(S252W/+) mutation may retard mandibular bone formation, decreased bone volume, and compromised skeletal architecture by regulating both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.PMID:23495007
Our approach thus led to the identification of new target genes directly or indirectly associated with FGFR2 which are contributing to the pathophysiology of AS.PMID:23593218
study demonstrate that Fgfr 2 isoforms IIIb and IIIc are expressed mainly in the adrenal subcapsule during embryogenesis and that deletion of the Fgfr2 IIIb isoform impairs adrenal development, causing reduced adrenal growth and impaired expression of SF1 and steroidogenic enzymesPMID:23376610
FGFR2 is essential in sustaining the breast tumor-initiating cell pool through promotion of self-renewal and maintenance of bipotent TICsPMID:23300950
Deletion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 from the peri-wolffian duct stroma leads to ureteric induction abnormalities and vesicoureteral reflux.PMID:23409123
Local differences in skull morphology and coronal suture patency found between Fgfr2c(C342Y/+) mice and unaffected littermates, as well as changes in brain shape but not brain size, and significant reductions in nasopharyngeal and eye volumes.PMID:23172727
The disrupted cerebellar size and laminar architecture resulting from loss of FGFR2 signaling impair motor learning and coordination in FGFR double knockout mice.PMID:22578469
Fgfr2 loss-of-function in the ectoderm caused derepression of Shh, revealing a role for FGF in Shh regulation in the hair follicle.PMID:23123965
Frs2alpha enhances fibroblast growth factor-mediated survival and differentiation in lens development.PMID:23136392
FGFR2 is not required cell-autonomously in motor neurons during the formation of initial motor projections towards limb and axial musculaturePMID:22815929
The Fgfr2 W290R mouse model can be used as a model system to further investigate the cellular, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms of Crouzon syndrome.PMID:22872266
Mouse models of both of S252W and P253R these two causative mutations of Fgfr2 have been created and display many of the phenotypes typical of Apert syndrome.PMID:22872267
rendered Fgfr2IIIb(-/-) embryos haploinsufficient for the Raldh2 and examined these embryos for the incidence and severity of duodenal atresiaPMID:23021139
FGFR2 induces rapid but reversible Nanog repression within ES cells.PMID:22787153
In the Fgfr2IIIb-/- genetic animal model neither disruptions in notochord development nor the presence of exogenous Shh protein are causative in intestinal atresia.PMID:22572615
Data show that fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 Fgfr2(S252W) mutation of the mesoderm alone is necessary and sufficient to cause craniosynostosis.PMID:22664175
The data revealed a regulatory paradigm for FGRF2 signaling and identified MT1-MMP as a critical negative modulator of ADAM9 activity to maintain FGFR2 signaling in calvarial osteogenesis.PMID:22632802
Fgfr2+/Y394C mice with a p38 kinase inhibitor attenuated skin abnormalities by reversing cell proliferation and differentiation to near normal levels.PMID:22585574
Our findings also suggest that altered FGFR2 signaling in osteoblasts is mostly responsible for the phenotypes seen in Apert syndrome, therefore these osteoblast cell lines are useful tools for investigating the pathogenesis of Apert syndromePMID:22105374
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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic vesicle.
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, Tyr protein kinase family, Fibroblast growth factor receptor subfamily