Recombinant Human Activator of apoptosis harakiri (HRK)

1. The apoptosis phenotype was partly dependent on HRK upregulation, as HRK knockdown significantly abrogated the sensitization. KDM2B-silenced tumors exhibited slower growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism, where the key apoptosis components are under epigenetic control of KDM2B in glioblastoma multiforme cells. PMID:28661478
2. miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-149-5p, were downregulated by cytokines and selected for further studies. These miRNAs were found to regulate the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins DP5 and PUMA and consequent human beta-cell apoptosis. PMID:27737950
3. our findings suggest that induction of the BH3-only protein Hrk is a critical step in 2-ME activation of the JNK-induced apoptotic pathway, targeting mitochondria by liberating proapoptotic protein Bak. PMID:23580416
4. SUZ12 promotes the proliferation of human EOC cells by inhibiting apoptosis and HRK is a novel SUZ12 target gene whose upregulation contributes to apoptosis induced by SUZ12 knockdown. PMID:22964433
5. Diva binds peptides derived from the BH3 domain of several other proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, including mouse Harakiri, Bid, Bak and Bmf. PMID:23192964
6. The BH3-only protein harakiri (HRK) is transactivated by ATF4 in severe hypoxia through direct binding of ATF4 to the promoter region. PMID:23090478
7. Data suggest that DP5 and PUMA/BBC3 (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis/bcl-2-binding component 3) contribute to palmitate-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells via lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress. PMID:22773666
8. These results are used to propose a tentative structural model of how Harakiri works. PMID:21731739
9. analysis of a novel interaction between Bcl-2 members Diva and Harakiri PMID:21209886
10. Hrk is involved in the induction of apoptosis in RGCs after optic nerve transection. PMID:11796190
11. apoptosis inducers as diverse as oncoprotein inhibitors and cell death receptor activators trigger Hrk expression via blockade of DREAM in leukemia cells PMID:12217801
12. Data report that human oocytes and fragmenting preimplantation embryos possess transcripts encoding Harakiri and caspase-3. PMID:12606589
13. HRK is a target of epigenetic inactivation in colorectal and gastric cancer PMID:14695142
14. The interaction between HRK and cellular protein p32 was studied. HRK-induced apoptosis was suppresssed by the expression of p32 mutants lacking the N-terminal sequences 74-282 and the C-terminal sequences 1-221. PMID:15031724
15. HRK appears to be inactivated principally by promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancers and decreased expression may play an important role in tumor progression by modulating apoptotic cell death PMID:18008329
16. in response to PAHs, Ahr-mediated activation of the harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain), was necessary for execution of cell death. PMID:18037991
17. Aberrant 5'-CpG methylation status and loss of heterozygosity on 12q13.1 are associated with HRK expression in human malignancies, including prostate cancers, astrocytic tumors and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Review. PMID:19641496

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HGNC: 5185

UNIGENE: Hs.26605

KEGG: hsa:8739

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000257572

OMIM: 603447