We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Storage
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time
Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation.
Gene References into Functions
The present study demonstrated that renal transplantation may cause angiotensin II receptor-mediated vascular contractility associated with changes of epigenetic mechanisms.PMID:29393347
Following restraint stress, AT2 receptors in the pre-limbic cortex modulate the tachycardiac component of the autonomic response.PMID:28695320
Activation of angiotensin II type 2 Receptor enhances muscle microvascular, oxygenation, and Insulin sensitivity.PMID:29186390
Study demonstrates that a tonic activation of angiotensin II type II receptors could contribute to the general reduction in muscle contractility in the course of experimental gastrointestinal inflammation.PMID:28160390
The research data show that the angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme 2/Ang-(1-7) regulates lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue and liver.PMID:28438644
The androgen receptor-mediated ERK1/2 MAP kinase-signaling pathway may be a key mechanism by which testosterone downregulates AT2R expression.PMID:27765882
This study demonstrates that AT2R expression levels in DRG neurons remain constant from early foetal life until adulthood.PMID:27825832
Increased AT2R expression within the nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus of spontaneously hypertensive rats was effective at improving baroreflex function but not mean arterial pressure.PMID:27469059
in combination with dopamine D3 receptors enhances natriuresis and diuresis via ERK1/2-MAPK pathwayPMID:25770092
Stress and stress plus ethanol may alter endothelial signaling via AT2-receptors, and thereby increase blood pressure.PMID:25238020
In young rats, the AT2R modulates the response to AngII, blunting renal vasoconstriction. This effect is attenuated with age in association with a developmental reduction in renal AT2R expression.PMID:25119338
AT2 receptors can inhibit the secretion of norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus to the hypothalamus. The attenuation of presynaptic action of AT2 receptor may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of stress-induced hypertension in rats.PMID:25562714
the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan induced cardioprotection associated with upregulating AT2 receptor protein and mRNA expression after ischaemia-reperfusion in isolated rats.PMID:26137805
Our findings suggested that AT2R overexpression triggers the apoptosis of INS-1 cells and dysfunction in insulin secretionPMID:25430897
Data suggest that central AT2 receptor may represent a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension.PMID:25655919
Data showw that blocking of AT2 receptors and inhibition of either endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) restored Ang II-induced contraction in obese rats.PMID:25170617
Angiotensin type 2 receptor in the intermediolateral cell column tonically inhibits sympathetic nerve activity.PMID:23871345
Angiotensin II acts at the AT2R to stimulate ROMK channel activity in cortical collecting ducts from high potassium-fed rats.PMID:25100281
Data suggest that angiotensin type 2 receptors may be a potential target for therapeutics in renovascular hypertension.PMID:24958505
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation improves fatty acid ovarian uptake is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenemia.PMID:24971613
Study revealed increased promoter methylation and resultant AT2R gene repression in the developing brain linking perinatal stress and a pathophysiological consequence of heightened vulnerability of brain hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the neonatePMID:23978469
Long term AT2 receptor activation increases renal ACE2 activity, attenuates AT1 receptor function and decreases blood pressure in obese Zucker rats.PMID:23823602
AT2R plays a significant role in T3-induced cardioprotection.PMID:23807455
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonists could be particularly useful in the treatment of chronic pain and hypersensitivity associated with abnormal nerve sproutingPMID:23255326
The AT2R functions as an insulinotropic mediator. AT2R and its downstream signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets for diabetes.PMID:24085035
The small molecule ATR antagonist, EMA401, is in clinical development as a novel analgesic for the relief of neuropathic pain.PMID:23489258
The expression of both angiotensin AGTRa and AGTR2 receptors was increased in the myocardium of overfed rats, and ischemia-reperfusion increased the expression of both receptors in control rats but reduced it in overfed rats.PMID:23383303
Angiotensin II receptor antagonism reduced distal nephron acidification.PMID:22832514
AT2R is involved in early adipocyte differentiation, while in mature adipocytes and in a model of insulin resistance AT2R activation restores normal adipocyte morphology and improves insulin sensitivity.PMID:23149621
The effects of stress on adrenomedullary AT(1A) and AT(2) receptor expression may contribute to allostatic changes, such as regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis.PMID:22911895
Up-regulation of AT2 might contribute to abnormal programming of renal growth in rats exposed to postnatal early overnutritionPMID:21752621
This data provides a case for AT2 receptors playing a protective role in rat mesangial cells independent of the effects of blood pressure control.PMID:22287496
An interaction of the angiotensin II receptor subtype 2 (AT2-R) with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in the neonatal brain microvasculature that produces protective effects which are associated with injury tolerance.PMID:22569153
Investigation of a potential role of AT receptors demonstrates the presence of an active signal transduction mechanism in postnatal day-15 rat hindbrain, representing a function critical for cerebellar development and neuronal differentiation.PMID:22120166
results indicate that the renal AT(2) receptor, via nitric oxide/cGMP/Sp1 pathway, regulates AT(1 )receptor expression and function, which may be important in the regulation of sodium excretion and blood pressurePMID:22504846
Study describes a novel transgenic rat model that overexpresses the AT2R in important cardiovascular tissues. AT2R overexpression in the adrenal zona glomerulosa counteracts the ang II induced cell proliferation and has no effect on aldosterone productionPMID:22318954
Testosterone improves cardiac function and alters angiotensin II type 2 receptors in isoproterenol-induced heart failure.PMID:22424324
The AT2R constitutively induced apoptosis in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes in dose-dependent patterns.PMID:21967903
Angiotensin II receptor activation in youth triggers the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby inducing later insulin resistance and hypertension.PMID:22129514
The resulting NO production antagonizes AT(1)R-mediated ROS and dampens L-type Ca(2+) currents. The ensuing signaling changes in the NTS may counteract the deleterious effects of AT(1)R on cardiovascular function.PMID:22378773
Candesartan improved AT(2)R neuronal function and Akt phosphorylation, which were associated with sensory nerve defects and insulin sensitivity in the fructose-treated rats.PMID:22357959
Data indicate that both AT1R and AT2R regulate action of insulin on skeletal muscle microvascular and skeletal muscle metabolism. AT2R activity is required for normal microvascular and metabolic responses to insulin.PMID:21896931
modulate inflammation through STAT3 phosphorylation and TNFalpha productionPMID:21288138
results suggest that the local renin-angiotensin system is activated in diabetic skin and Angiotensin II receptors type 1 and 2 are likely to mediate the pathological changes of diabetic skinPMID:21484513
Oxygen availability in clipped kidney is maintained by angiotensin II generation, angiotensin II type 2 receptors, and nitric oxide synthase. Angiotensin can prevent hypoxia in kidney challenged with reduced perfusion pressure.PMID:18158356
The present study provides direct evidence that AT2R plays a beneficial role in balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia.PMID:21468559
Ang III and AT2R signaling may have a role in the pathophysiology of aldosterone breakthrough.PMID:21303953
Data show that AT(2) antibodies recognized postmitotic Purkinje cells, labeling the somata of these cells at all the stages studied, from P8 to P60, suggesting that PCs express these receptors from early stages of development until adulthood.PMID:21146214
Studies indicate a gender-specific role for the ATR in renal autoregulation was evident in females, which may be a direct vascular ATR effect.PMID:21189402
Data show that direct ATR stimulation reduces early renal inflammatory responses and improves production of NO and cGMP in renovascular hypertension independent of blood pressure reduction.PMID:21189405
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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Tissue Specificity
Abundant expression in fetal tissues, immature brain, skin wound and atretic ovarian follicles.