Liquid
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization.; Seraspenide inhibits the entry of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells into the S-phase.
Gene References into Functions
Serum Tbeta4 level can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH and was negatively correlated with the oxidation state of the liverPMID:29271227
we suggest that overexpression of Tbeta4 might play a role in the progression of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumorsPMID:28756979
Tbeta4 exerts a protective effect on murine colitis, indicating that recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin beta4 could potentially be developed into a promising agent for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.PMID:28127198
Results showed that the TMSB4 pseudogene, lncRNA-MSR, was upregulated in the damaged cartilage and was activated in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress. Furthermore, lncRNA-MSR regulated the expression of TMSB4 by competing with miRNA-152 in chondrocytes.PMID:27469625
Tbeta4 gene silencing in A549 and H1299 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant decrease in Notch1 activation in Tbeta4 gene-silenced cells.PMID:27521796
Developed an innovative biotechnological method for thymosin beta4 production that employs the peptide acetylation in vivo.PMID:27015974
Serum thymosin beta4 concentrations were correlated with the occurrence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.PMID:27086675
Overexpression of Tbeta4 enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.PMID:26276576
Tbeta-4 was validated in clinical samples using a tissue microarray to predict overall survival in colon cancer patientsPMID:26556858
this study demonstrated, for the first time, that Tbeta4 was down-regulated in ROS-stimulated PDLCs as well as Tbeta4 activation exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and anti-osteoclastogenesis in vitro.PMID:26789270
this study demonstrates, for the first time, that Tbeta4 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue and that its expression is associated with osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation.PMID:26361868
This article reviews the potential role of thymosin beta 4 in liver fibrosis by describing the effects of exogenous and endogenous thymosin beta 4 , and discusses the possible signaling pathway regulated by TB4X. [review]PMID:26006229
The results of the present study suggested that Tb4 may promote HB metastasis via the induction of EMT, and that Tb4 may therefore be a target for the development of novel treatments for patients with Hepatoblastoma .PMID:25695679
these results suggest that NO could regulate the expression of Tbeta4 by direct or indirect effect of HIF-1alpha on Tbeta4 promoter.PMID:25271630
the exchange of bound actin between Tbeta4 and profilin involves both steric and allosteric components.PMID:25313062
Thymosin beta4 induces invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer cells through the ILK/AKT/beta-catenin signaling pathway.PMID:25218472
Regarding HCC, Tbeta4 reactivity was detected in 7/23 cases (30%) and Tbeta10 reactivity in 22/23 (97%) cases analyzed, adding HCC to human cancers that express these beta-thymosins.PMID:24704991
Thymosin beta-4 levels in the serum and synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis patients are significantly correlated with disease severity.PMID:23816466
Thymosin beta 4 silencing in glioblastoma cells inhibits cell migration and invasion.PMID:24355709
Tbeta4 expression was upregulated significantly in primary and recurrent colorectal cancersPMID:24098025
Tbeta4 expression was also co-localized with CD133 expression in primary ovarian carcinomas.PMID:23055022
Detection its amino acid conservation suggest an important role of Tb4 in the homeostasis of the mammalian oral cavity.PMID:23262355
Thymosin beta4 could be associated with morphogenesis and tumor invasion in ameloblastoma and may play a role in the behavior of ameloblastoma.PMID:23235961
Tbeta4 plays a key role in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.PMID:23613983
Tbeta4 is an important myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) regulator that controls the G-actin-MRTF-A interaction.Tbeta4 competed with MRTF-A for G-actin binding, thus interfering with G-actin-MRTF-A complex formation.PMID:23811404
REVIEW: role of Tbeta4 in thrombosis and platelet aggregationPMID:22944663
Thymosin beta4 expression reveals intriguing similarities between fetal and cancer cells.PMID:23045970
investigated whether GSK-3 activity is regulated by thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) and associated with Tbeta4-mediated migration in gastric cancer cells; expression of GSK-3alpha, beta-catenin and E-cadherin could be negatively regulated by Tbeta4 induced ERK phosphorylation; suggests that Tbeta4 could be a novel regulator to control Wnt signal pathwayPMID:22328534
The Our data confirm the concept that externally added Tbeta4 must be internalized to induce intracellular mechanisms supporting endothelial cell migration.PMID:22652458
Thymosin beta4 Tbeta4 may play an important role in bone degradation and inflammation in RA but not OA.PMID:22004227
kininogen-1 and thymosin-beta(4) are potential new biomarkers for human chronic hepatitis C.PMID:21496200
Tbeta4 is regulated by IL-18 and is involved in IL-18-enhanced IFN-gamma secretion in NK cells.PMID:21742406
Elevated expression of thymosin beta4 is associated with early-stage cervical cancers.PMID:21213129
Thymosin beta4 may play a role in diabetic retinal neovascularization.PMID:21332672
findings suggest that Tbeta4 by sequestering actin prevents binding of AKT, thus inhibiting its phosphorylationPMID:21514425
The expression of thymosin beta4 is highly related with tumorigenesis of certain tumors including the osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers.PMID:20975530
Describe beta-thymosins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of scleroderma lung disease.PMID:21314931
we have identified an extracellular signaling pathway where Tbeta4 increases cell surface ATP levels via ATP synthase and have shown further that ATP-responsive P2X4 receptor is required for Tbeta4-induced cell migrationPMID:21106936
overexpression of Tbeta4 is strongly associated with HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha expression and is also clinicopathologically involved with lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancerPMID:21109953
The TB4 could be a hypoxia responsive regulator to control tumor cell migration in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.PMID:20821256
colorectal cancer stem cells from different patients have higher Tbeta4 levels than normal epithelial cellsPMID:20566622
Data in colon cancer tissue microarray showed that thymosin beta4 and HIF-1alpha co-localized in these biopsies.PMID:20691219
Data show a strong expression of Tbeta(4) in gut and endocrine pancreas during development.PMID:20161756
study demonstrated a clear relationship between reductions in serum thymosin beta4 level and severity of hepatitis B virus-related liver failurePMID:20128033
Data show that thymosin beta4 was differentially expressed in HGF-treated HUVECs compared with control.PMID:12163032
araC regulates the transcriptional level of thymosin beta4 and actinPMID:12962156
in response to T beta 4 stimulation, AP-1 activity increases to enhance PAI-1 transcription through its unique AP-1-like element at -59 to -52 in the PAI-1 promoter.PMID:14592829
upregulation of Tbeta-4, by promoting the disruption of cell-cell adhesion and consequential activation of the beta-catenin signaling, could be event in the acquisition of growth advantages as well as invasive phenotypes in human colorectal carcinomasPMID:15235586
activated factor XIII incorporates thymosin beta(4) into the isolated gamma-module and alphaC-domain (fibrinogen A alpha); in fibrin the latter serves as the major incorporation sitePMID:15311936
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Protein Families
Thymosin beta family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in several hemopoietic cell lines and lymphoid malignant cells. Decreased levels in myeloma cells.