Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids with implications in host antimicrobial defense, inflammatory response and tissue regeneration. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) with preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Upon sterile inflammation, targets membrane phospholipids of extracellular mitochondria released from activated platelets, generating free unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonate that is used by neighboring leukocytes to synthesize inflammatory eicosanoids such as leukotrienes. Simultaneously, by compromising mitochondrial membrane integrity, promotes the release in circulation of potent damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that activate the innate immune response. Plays a stem cell regulator role in the intestinal crypt. Within intracellular compartment mediates Paneth cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ICS). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates Wnt signaling pathway in ICS cells and tissue regeneration. May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines. Independent of its catalytic activity, acts as a ligand for integrins. Binds to and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1. Binds to a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1. Induces cell proliferation in an integrin-dependent manner.
Gene References into Functions
The present study was designed to determine the relationship between phenformin coupling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function and the molecular mechanism by which the sPLA2 IIA expression was modulated in vascular smooth muscle cells.PMID:26162096
a novel inverse recruitment mechanism in which liganded TRbeta recruits corepressors to inhibit PLA2g2a expression.PMID:23629656
Secreted PLA2-IIA regulates the permeability of microvascular endothelial cells during brain inflammation.PMID:22788969
Data show changes in cell morphology and upregulation of ERK1/2, iNOS and sPLA-IIA expression in astrocytes and microglia on exposure to lipopolysaccharides and cytokines.PMID:21943492
cPLA(2)alpha-mediated induction of PPAR-beta/delta is a novel intracellular signalling pathway in spontaneous and TGF-beta induced activation of hepatic stellate cells.PMID:22093332
The expression of sPLA(2)-IIA in the dorsal horn and spinal trigeminal nucleus is consistent with previous results which showed an important role of CNS sPLA(2) in nociceptive transmission.PMID:20153419
calcium-independent phospholipase A2beta has a role in high glucose-induced activation of RhoA, Rho kinase, and CPI-17 in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle hypercontractility in diabetic animalsPMID:20086008
During atherogenesis, SAA can amplify the involvement of smooth muscle cells in vascular inflammation and that this can lead to deposition of sPLA(2) and subsequent local changes in lipid homeostasis.PMID:19850938
A calcium-independent, type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 newly isolated from liver mitochondria, most apparent in media of high ionic strength, initiates the removal of poorly functioning mitochondria by processes involving autolysis.PMID:12056909
sPLA(2) may modulate neuronal COX-2 expression through mechanisms that differ from those of glutamate-induced COX-2 expressionPMID:12111798
analysed the activation of sPLA(2) transcription by cAMP and interleukin-1beta and showed that the 500 bp region upstream of the transcription start site of the sPLA(2) gene is implicated in activation by synergistically acting cAMP and IL-1betaPMID:12188923
tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA expression is potentiated in mesangial cells by an autocrine loop involving sPLA2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activationPMID:12782627
Transcriptional activation of the group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 gene in vascular smooth muscle.PMID:12882648
in a neonatal model, the development of an acidic surface pH can be ascribed, in part, to progressive stratum corneum acidification by two endogenous mechanisms, namely, sPLA2 and NHE1PMID:15009712
We investigated temporal and spatial expression of sPLA2-IIA mRNA and immunoreactivity in transient focal cerebral ischemia, demonstrating an up-regulation of the inflammatory sPLA2-IIA in reactive astrocytes in response to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.PMID:15255941
new autocrine and paracrine pathways activating sPLA2-IIA gene expression in rat and human vascular smooth muscle cellsPMID:15802623
12/15-LOX-dependent up-regulation of sPLA2-IIA expression may result from the interplay between accelerated MIP-2 signaling, AP-1 activation, and attenuated transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor signalingPMID:15878884
the neuritogenic effect of sPLA2 is mediated by generation of LPC and subsequent activation of G2APMID:15927955
These results indicate that phospholipase A(2)-IIA is coexpressed with SNAP-25 in mature taste receptor cells that possess exocytotic machinery.PMID:16385482
cytosolic and group IIA secreted phospholipases A(2) work together to liberate arachidonate from phospholipids in response to cytokinesPMID:16603549
HMGB1 slightly activated the sPLA2-IIA, COX-2, and mPGES-1 genes but dramatically stimulated these genes in VSMCs that had been incubated with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1betaPMID:16807371
It was shown that exposure of cultured astrocytes to oxygen glucose deprivation (0.5-24h) causes an increase in cPLA(2) and sPLA(2) expression and activity.PMID:17462919
a novel regulatory role of iPLA(2)gamma in stimulus-coupled sPLA(2)-IIA expression.PMID:17475622
On Chr 5, Pla2g2a is subject to a syntenic control while expression of the Tp53 (Chr 10) and Pmai1/Noxa (Chr 18) genes appears to be controlled by several mammary cancer resistance QTLs.PMID:19052818
Simvastatin may reduce the process of atherosclerosis by decreasing the expression level of sPLA2 IIa in myocardium and aorta.PMID:19237014
sPLA(2)-IIA may be an important mediator of oligodendrocyte death and a novel target for therapeutic intervention following spinal cord injuryPMID:19306380
Reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase iare involved in cytokine induction of sPLA2-IIA in astrocytes. Botanical antioxidants may be protective agents for inhibition of inflammatory responses in these cells.PMID:19375465
sPLA2-derived oxidative products contribute to significant neurovascular damage, and treatment with sPLA2 inhibitor DEDA ameliorates secondary injury by reducing exacerbations from lipoxidative stress.PMID:19678934