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Buffer
-20°C, pH7.4 PBS, 0.05% NaN3, 40% Glycerol
Tested Applications
ELISA,WB
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
Gene References into Functions
Results suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta overexpression is not an inherent property of breast cancer cell lines, but it may play a role through activation of downstream genes (PPARbeta).PMID:12009300
4 polymorphisms were found: -409C/T (promoter, +73C/T (exon 1), +255A/G (exon 3), & +294T/C (exon 4). An interaction with the PPAR alpha L162V polymorphism was also detected for several lipid parameters. PPARD plays a role in cholesterol metabolism.PMID:12615676
The 15-lipoxygenase-1 product 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid down-regulates PPAR-delta to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.PMID:12909723
results implicate PPAR-delta in the regulation of intestinal adenoma growthPMID:14758356
Positive associations of PPAR-delta polymorphisms with fasting plasma glucose and BMI detected in nondiabetic control subjectsPMID:14988273
gene regulation by PPARdelta in the uterine cells uniquely responds to SRC-2, N-CoR, SMRT, or RIP140, and these interactions may be operative during implantation when these cofactors are abundantly expressed.PMID:15001550
PPAR-beta/delta activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, is anti-inflammatory, improves barrier homeostasis, and stimulates triglyceride accumulation in keratinocytes.PMID:15102088
11beta-HSD2 is an additional target for PPAR delta, which may regulate human placental functionPMID:15591138
This study was performed to determine whether specific activation of PPARdelta has direct effects on insulin action in skeletal muscle.PMID:15793256
COX-2 immunopositivity was significantly associated with PPARbeta and PPARgamma immunoreactivity. Microvessel density was significantly higher among PPARbeta-immunoreactive squamous cell carcinomas.PMID:15811118
PPARdelta signaling pathways are interconnected at the level of cross-regulation of their respective transcription factor mRNA levelsPMID:15890193
PPARdelta expression is up-regulated between the first and third trimester, indicating a role for this nuclear receptor in placental functionPMID:15979543
PPARdelta + 294T/C gene polymorphism in subjects with metabolic syndrome may be involved in the occurrence of obesity and dyslipidemia.PMID:16053787
PPARdelta partially rescued prostate epithelial cells from growth inhibition and also dramatically inhibited sulindac sulfide-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 upregulation.PMID:16091736
PPARdelta +294T/C polymorphism has no influence on plasma lipoprotein concentrations, body mass index or atherosclerotic disease either in healthy subjects or in patients with DM-2, both in males and females.PMID:16285997
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PPARD primarily affected insulin sensitivity by modifying glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue.PMID:16306381
The expression of PPARdelta gene in rectal cancers is not statistically different from normal mucosa.PMID:16361076
Human platelets contain PPARbeta and that its selective activation inhibits platelet aggregation.PMID:16368717
Data describe the activated form of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta using a ligand binding domain model.PMID:16387648
This review concludes that PPAR delta has emerged as a powerful metabolic regulator in diverse tissues including fat, skeletal muscle, and the heart.PMID:16511591
PGI2 protects endothelial cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by inducing PPARdelta binding to 14-3-3alpha promoter, thereby upregulating 14-3-3alpha protein expression.PMID:16645156
data provide further evidence for an involvement of PPARdelta in the regulation of BMI.PMID:16652134
Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of PPAR delta increased in type 2 diabetic patients with an improved clinical profile following low-intensity exercise, but were unchanged in patients who did not show exercise-mediated improvements in clinical parameters.PMID:16752430
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARD modify the conversion from glucose intolerance to type 2 diabetes.PMID:16804087
Therefore, these results indicate that induction of fatty acid oxidation with PPARbeta activators during short-term exposition is not sufficient to correct for insulin resistance in muscle cells from type 2 diabetic patients.PMID:16897074
PPARbeta/delta is a novel regulator of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis through VEGF.PMID:17068288
PPARD-87T/C polymorphism is associated with higher fasting plasma glucose concentrations in both normal glucose tolerant and diabetic subjects, largely due to impaired insulin sensitivityPMID:17116180
PPAR-delta activation increases cholesterol export and represses inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions.PMID:17119917
support the rationale for developing PPARdelta antagonists for prevention and/or treatment of cancerPMID:17148604
These studies demonstrate that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta does not lead to an anti-apoptotic effect in either human or mouse keratinocytes, but rather, leads to inhibition of cell growth likely through the induction of terminal differentiation.PMID:17254750
DNA sequence variation in the PPARdelta locus is a potential modifier of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma HDL-C in healthy individuals in response to regular exercise.PMID:17259439
Low PPARD expression is associated with Prostate Cancer Growth.PMID:29187400
Study demonstrates that oleanolic acid, as a natural product, can ameliorate the high glucose-triggered endothelial function by activating the nuclear receptor PPARdelta.PMID:28067284
PPARD rs7770619 is a novel candidate variant for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes and shows association with malondialdehyde levels.PMID:29776318
The negative responders for aerobic training are carriers of the PPARD rs2267668 G allele. The best responders to aerobic training are PPARD rs1053049 TT and rs2267668 AA.PMID:29762540
The current results suggest that A/A carriers of PPAR-delta SNP (rs2267668) may enjoy fewer beneficial effects of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention on anthropometric indices and blood measurements.PMID:29494521
Polymorphism of PPARD is associated with late onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.PMID:28292576
findings suggest that PPARdelta conditions CLL cells to survive in harsh microenvironmental conditions by reducing oxidative stress and increasing metabolic efficiency.PMID:28050012
Here, theauthors describe a novel PPARbeta/delta-dependent molecular cascade involving TGFbeta1 and miR-21-3p, which is activated in the epidermis in response to UV exposure.PMID:27250636
findings identified previously unrecognized role of IP-PPARdelta signal transduction pathway in the production of sAPPalpha in cerebral microvasculature.PMID:26661245
the metabolic events, controlled by PPARs, occurring during neuronal precursor differentiation, the glucose and lipid metabolism was investigated.PMID:27860527
PPAR-delta activation prevents in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis.PMID:27283742
findings identify LPCAT3 as a direct PPARdelta target gene and suggest a novel function of PPARdelta in regulation of phospholipid metabolism through LPCAT3.PMID:27913621
The minor allele of rs2016520 and rs9794 in PPAR-delta and interaction between rs2016520 and non-smoking were associated with decreased risk of CVD.PMID:28287878
a novel SNP x SNP interaction between rs2267668 in PPARdelta and rs7191411 in EMP2 that has significant impact on circulating HDL-C levels in the Singaporean Chinese population.PMID:27530449
Results indicate that PPARdelta-mediated downregulation of Nox4 modulates cellular redox status, which in turn plays a critical role in extracellular matrix homeostasis through ROS-dependent regulation of MMP-2 activity.PMID:26403493
The PPAR-beta role in neuroblastoma cell tumorigenesis and differentiationPMID:27996177
These observations candidate PPARs as new biomarkers of follicle competence opening new hypotheses on controlled ovarian stimulation effects on ovarian physiology.PMID:26332656
The PPAR delta role in neuroblastoma cell tumorigenesis and differentiationPMID:27996177
PPARdelta activation may be a potential risk of atherosclerosis through enhancing activity of SMS2PMID:27278004
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus.
Protein Families
Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous with maximal levels in placenta and skeletal muscle.