Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as an E3 component of three alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes (pyruvate-, alpha-ketoglutarate-, and branched-chain amino acid-dehydrogenase complex). The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion. A fraction of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-CoA to histone succinyltransferase KAT2A. In monomeric form may have additional moonlighting function as serine protease. Involved in the hyperactivation of spermatazoa during capacitation and in the spermatazoal acrosome reaction.
Gene References into Functions
Molecular characterization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase binding sites to titanium dioxide has been reported.PMID:28247484
study found that individuals infected with HBV withwith basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (A1762T, G1764A)have lower concentrations of serum DLD than those with the wild-type BCPPMID:27303803
Mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is upregulated in response to the brain intermittent hypoxic preconditioning.PMID:26078703
IgA autoantibody against DLD could be a novel diagnostic marker for endometrial cancer.PMID:25202086
Case Report: novel mutation in the DLD interface giving rise to DLD deficiency.PMID:20652410
Human, mouse, and pig Dld has moonlighting function as a protease in addition to its canonical function as a a dehydrogenase.PMID:17404228
This molecular dynamics study proposes the structural changes that may lead to the modulation in reactive oxygen species generation by pathogenic mutants of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase.PMID:24012808
ATP consumption is demonstrated in respiration-impaired isolated and in situ neuronal somal mitochondria from transgenic mice that exhibit a 20-48% decrease in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.PMID:23475850
the cryptic activities of DLD promote oxidative damage to neighboring molecules and thus contribute to the clinical severity of DLD mutationsPMID:21930696
Structural and thermodynamic basis for weak interactions between dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and subunit-binding domain of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.PMID:21543315
the E3 binding protein component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex appear to be a rare cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiencyPMID:11935326
Activity of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is reduced by mutation at threonine-44 of FAD-binding region to valine.PMID:12297006
A c.1444A>G substitution in E3 exon 13, predictive of a p.R482G (or R447G in the processed gene product) substitution in a highly conserved domain of the protein was found.PMID:15712224
Asparagine-473 residue is important for the catalytic function of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase.PMID:15826505
the disease-causing mutations of E3 occur at three locations in the human enzyme: the dimer interface, the active site, and the FAD and NAD(+)-binding sitesPMID:15946682
specificity of pairing for human E3BP with E3 from its subcomplex structure to be most likely due to conformational rigidity of the binding fragment of the E3-binding domain of E3BP and its exquisite amino acid match with the E3 target interfacePMID:16263718
The conservation of the Ile-51 residue with Ala using site-directed mutagenesis in human Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase(E3) was very important to the efficient catalytic function of the enzyme.PMID:16584639
These results suggest that N286 and D320 play a role in the catalytic function of the E3.PMID:17171578
Certain DLD mutations can simultaneously induce the loss of a primary metabolic activity and the gain of a moonlighting proteolytic activity thus contributing to the metabolic derangement associated with DLD deficiency.PMID:17404228
kinetic studies suggest that T148 is not important to E3 catalytic function and R281 plays a role in the catalytic function of E3PMID:17960497
This protein has been found differentially expressed in the Wernicke's Area from patients with schizophrenia.PMID:19405953