Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.; Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure.; Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.
Gene References into Functions
Elevated serum CGA was negatively associated with overall survival in men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Serum CGA represents a prognostic biomarker that may complement circulating tumor cells enumeration.PMID:29858590
Patients with higher catestatin levels developed worse ventricular function during the follow-up period. Single-point catestatin was effective to predict LVEDD change. And concurrently increasing catestatin and NT-proBNP levels predicted the highest risk of LV remodeling. This study suggests an important prognostic information of catestatin on LV remodeling.PMID:28397784
CgA and NSE are clinically valuable tumor markers in neuroblastoma and they merit prospective clinical evaluations as such.PMID:29737901
Vasostatin-1 is stably overexpressed in serum of patients with ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.PMID:29723285
Results suggest that severe atopic dermatitis is associated with higher stress levels. Simple salivary CgA measurements may be useful as an objective assessment of patient stress.PMID:28406540
cardiac atria express but do not secrete CgA into circulation in patients with atrial diseasePMID:28685598
These results suggest that circulating full-length CgA is an important inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, and that cleavage of its C-terminal region markedly reduces its activity. Pathophysiological changes in CgA blood levels and/or its fragmentation might regulate disease progression in cancer patients.PMID:27683038
Results show that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients had increased plasma levels of chromogranin A (CgA), compared to normal subjects, particularly those >70-year-old or those treated with proton pump inhibitors.PMID:27203389
The authors show that CHGA-415 T/C polymorphism is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in critically ill patientsPMID:28254729
Concurrent increases in plasma BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and CST levels predicted the highest risk for both all-cause and cardiac deaths in chronic heart failure patients.PMID:27771336
Full-length CgA is an independent indicator of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery stenosis.PMID:28190616
Even a single baseline measurement of CgA can be useful in establishing prognosis in this group, if this parameter exceeds its upper normal limit more than tenfold.PMID:28095720
Compared with chromogranin A, chromogranin B may be more useful during proton pump inhibitor treatment and can detect tumors without liver metastases.PMID:28334992
Salivary impairments and high levels of CHGA are associated with T2DM patients. In addition, CGHA polymorphisms might be associated with salivary gland hypofunction and higher salivary CHGA production in T2DM patients. This could be a significant insight to establish a role for salivary CHGA as a potential clinical biomarker to T2DM.PMID:26750135
we could provide evidence that established stress-related biomarkers ET-1, MCP-1, CGA were differentially regulated among patients with AF compared to healthy controls.PMID:28886122
Combined plasma CgA concentrations and World Health Organization grading may assist in better stratification of PNET patients in terms of the risk of recurrence.PMID:28043759
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with an early high CGA rise may demonstrate a subgroup with poor outcome due to underlying small cell/neuroendocrine cell transformation.PMID:28870943
genetic association studies in population in India: Data suggest that common polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHGA promoter are associated with cardiometabolic disorders; c-Rel has a role in activating CHGA promoter haplotype 2 (variant T alleles at -1018 and -57 bp) under basal and pathophysiological conditions. (CHGA = chromogranin A; c-Rel = c-Rel proto-oncogene protein)PMID:28667172
Multivariate analyses of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with both grade and CgA recorded found poorly differentiated tumors and very high CgA negatively impacted survival.PMID:28501118
High chromogranin A expression is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer.PMID:28351413
Catestatin Gly364Ser Variant Alters Systemic Blood Pressure and the Risk for Hypertension in Human Populations via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Pathway.PMID:27324226
Plasma catestatin was associated with coronary collateral developments, suggesting a useful biomarker for coronary collateral development and potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO).PMID:27304618
Increased myocardial CgA glycosylation and impaired CgA processing to catestatin in heart failure be considered detrimental because CST reduces diastolic Ca2+ leak via direct CaMKIIdelta inhibition.PMID:28209766
Data suggest pancreastatin, a 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A, as a routinely tested biomarker in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and in particular small bowel NET.PMID:26684860
Data indicate that measurement of chromogranin A (CgA) alone is sufficient in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and that routine additional measurement of chromogranin B (CgB) provides little added value.PMID:26608723
Data show that chrysin suppressed cell proliferation and reducing expression of achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL1) and the neuroendocrine biomarker chromogranin A (CgA).PMID:26403073
In a Japanese population, the Ser-364 allele was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, consistent with increased arterial stiffness.PMID:26211667
ChrA levels were not effective in predicting outcomes or detecting recurrences of Merkel cell carcinoma.PMID:26299616
Decreased CSF levels of chromogranin A were found in Parkinson disease patients with orthostatic hypotension.PMID:26359267
In both mice and men the Gly364Ser polymorphism conferred metabolic traits such as elevated HDL and lowered norepinephrine levels; it was associated with superior baroreflex function and therefore better response to stress.PMID:26556564
In patients with resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, an elevated preoperative CgA level was negatively associated with disease-free survival and overall survival.PMID:26850182
In astrocytes from multiple sclerosis white matter lesions the expression of chromogranin A is increased.PMID:26683597
Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that ChgA autoantibodies are valuable in the predictive diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that serum autoantibodies to ChgA-derived peptides are promising novel markers of NSCLCPMID:26186986
Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine tumorsPMID:25894842
Data indicate that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) colocalizes with chromogranin A and regulates secretion of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and is required for anchorage dependent growth.PMID:25754106
catestatin plays an important role in the progress of acute myocardial infarctionPMID:25848973
The CHGA 3'-UTR C+87T disrupts an miR-107 motif, with differential effects on CHGA expression, and a cis:trans (mRNA:miR) interaction regulates the association of CHGA with BP and hypertensive nephropathy.PMID:25392232
Chromogranin A measurements are significantly assay-dependent and caution should be applied in the interpretation of CgA measurement for assessment of neuroendocrine tumor status.PMID:25532001
Chromogranin A (10-19) and chromogranin A (43-52) were identified as antigens for autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in Type 1 diabetes patients.PMID:25958206
Vasoconstriction-Inhibiting Factor (VIF), a degradation product of chromogranin A, is a vasoregulatory peptide that modulates the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by acting on the angiotensin II type 2 receptor.PMID:25810338
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome present a low density of CgA compared with controls.PMID:25174455
Report QT/heart rate variability in a genomically "humanized" chromogranin a monogenic mouse model with hyperadrenergic hypertension.PMID:24821335
Report fast and reliable measurement of chromogranin A with automated KRYPTOR assay.PMID:25651748
The study shows that chromogranin A is a useful marker for diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) in Japanese populations and for distinguishing patients with pNET from patients with other pancreatic diseases.PMID:25220535
reliable pathologic and circulating maker for diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmPMID:25501094
a model to explain how the chromogranin A/Catecholamine complex governs the accumulation and exocytosis of secreted aminesPMID:25077558
High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with low response to chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.PMID:24741024
Elevated plasma catestatin levels are predictive of malignant arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction.PMID:24631953
Letter: report diagnostic role of chromogranin A immunohistochemistry in hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid.PMID:25012947
High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.PMID:25099181