Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates is essential for autophagy and for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt). Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellites via the autophagic pathway.
Gene References into Functions
ATG3 was targeted by miR-23a, suggesting that ATG3 is an autophagy-related competing endogenous RNA.PMID:30007957
Results revealed that miR-16 was significantly downregulated, and ATG3 was significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patient tissue samples. ATG3 was found to be a direct target of miR-16.PMID:29138833
miR-155 silencing rescued autophagosome number in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected dendritic cells and enhanced autolysosome fusion, thereby supporting a previously unidentified role of the miR-155 as inhibitor of ATG3 expression.PMID:29300789
PTK2 inhibition-induced sustained levels of ATG3 were able to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents.PMID:28103122
Our data demonstrate that HOTAIR promotes the activation of autophagy in HCC cells by upregulating the expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG3 and ATG7.PMID:27301338
ATG3 upregulation contributes to autophagy induced by the detachment of intestinal epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix, but promotes autophagy-independent apoptosis of the attached cellsPMID:26061804
Hidden Markov models were used to detect protein homology among the flexible regions of Atg3 homologs and importance of conserved regions evaluated by performing affinity capture experiments with human Atg3 deletion constructs; binding studies and competition experiments demonstrate that overlapping sites in the Atg3FR are important for E3 binding and E1 binding.PMID:24186333
The region of human ATG3 that interacts with ATG7 is precisely identified using nuclear magnetic resonance.PMID:26043688
ATG3 gene and its gene family may play an important role in transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome.PMID:24420857
Lipidation of the LC3/GABARAP family of autophagy proteins relies on a membrane-curvature-sensing domain in Atg3.PMID:24747438
13 residues of the ATG3 fragment form a short beta-strand followed by an alpha-helix on a surface area that is an exclusive binding site for ATG12.PMID:24191030
caspase-8 overexpression led to Atg3 degradation and this event depended on caspase-8 enzymatic activityPMID:22644571
These results unveil a role for ATG12-ATG3 in mitochondrial homeostasis and implicate the ATG12 conjugation system in cellular functions distinct from the early steps of autophagosome formation.PMID:20723759
Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5pPMID:11825910
Murine Atg8L/Apg8L modification is mediated by human Atg3.PMID:16704426
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm.
Protein Families
ATG3 family
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta.