① 200ug * antigen (positive control); ② 1ml * Pre-immune serum (negative control);
Quality Guarantee
① Antibody purity can be guaranteed above 90% by SDS-PAGE detection; ② ELISA titer can be guaranteed 1: 64,000; ③ WB validation with antigen can be guaranteed positive;
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive. Regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.
Gene References into Functions
Data indicate E4BP4/NFIL3 as a direct Smad3 target gene critical for NK cell differentiation.PMID:28262747
Data suggest that Smad-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2)-mediated SMAD3 protein (SMAD3) monoubiquitination interferes with the formation of a SMAD3-vitamin D receptor (VDR) complex.PMID:28216630
These data indicate that SMAD3- and beta-catenin-dependent induction occurs in the taurine transporter knockout mousePMID:28849477
Cav-3 and Smad3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of viral myocarditis.PMID:28770956
In pancreata of mice and rats, TGFB promotes peripheral nociceptive sensitization via a direct effect on primary sensory neurons mediated by intra-neuronal SMAD3.PMID:29505748
We provide the evidence that over-expression of miR-145 could inhibit osteoclast differentiation, at least partially, by decreasing Smad3 expressionPMID:29577879
conclude that VDD promotes tumor growth in the context of Smad3 disruption, potentially through regulation of TLR7 expression and beta-catenin activationPMID:27456065
SMAD3 is regulated by miR-489 in pulmonary fibrosis.miR-489 suppresses fibroblast differentiation by targeting Smad3.PMID:27506999
CRP is pathogenic in type-2 diabetes (T2DN). CRP may promote CD32b- NF-kappaB signaling to mediate renal inflammation; whereas, CRP may enhance renal fibrosis in T2DN via CD32b-Smad3-mTOR signaling.PMID:27221338
A Smad3-PTEN regulatory loop controls proliferation and apoptotic responses to TGF-beta in mouse endometrium.PMID:28524854
These findings indicate that both systemic factors and intrinsic properties of skin cells contribute to enhanced wound healing and less inflammatory reaction observed in Smad3 knock-out mice.PMID:28130754
Data show that Smad3 knockdown attenuated the effect of activin A on IL-6 releasePMID:28515224
Sirt1 reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of brown adipocytes in vivo/in vitro by inhibiting Smad3/ATF4 signaling pathway.PMID:28030827
these findings support the notion that Smad3 has important tumor suppressor function for breast cancerPMID:27588495
Treatment with metformin suppressed CCl4-induced expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and phosphorylation of Smad3.PMID:28390311
HSF1 activity is decreased in fibrotic hearts. HSF1 inhibits phosphorylation and nuclear distribution of Smad3 via direct binding to Smad3. Active Smad3 blocks the anti-fibrotic effect of HSF1.PMID:28091697
The results provide the first evidence that upregulation of TGFb/Smad3 in injured arteries induces local smooth muscle cells CXCR4 expression and cell migration, and consequently intimal hyperplasia.PMID:27340942
M1 macrophages with inhibited STAT3, STAT6 and/or SMAD3 effectively restrict tumor growth. The findings justify the development of new anti-tumor cell therapy technology.PMID:29215829
Aberrant Smad3 phosphoisoforms in cyst-lining epithelial cells in the cpk mouse suggest a qualitative rather than a quantitative abnormality of the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway is involved in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.PMID:28877884
The Smad3 and Bmal1 regulate p21 and S100A4 expression in myocardial stromal fibroblasts through TNF-alpha.PMID:28721450
conclude that the cardiovascular manifestations of Smad3 deficient mice are strain-specific, with myocyte necrosis in 129 mice and aortic rupture in C57BL/6J micePMID:29073282
Smad3 binding to the -335 hypoxia-responsive element of the COL1A2 promoter required HIF-1alpha both in vitro and in kidney lysate from the disease model, suggesting formation of an HIF-1alpha-Smad3 transcriptional complex. Thus, HIF-1alpha-Smad3 has a novel interaction in glomerulosclerosis.PMID:27503806
Unexpectedly, a complex damage signal promotes co-localization of NF-kappaB, Smad3, and Nrf2 at Rev-erb-sensitive enhancers and drives expression of genes characteristic of multiple polarization states in the same cells.PMID:27462873
Store-operated calcium entry via Orai1 in mesangial cells negatively regulates the TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling pathway.PMID:28637791
The results uncover an important aspect of the cross-talk between TGFbeta and Hippo signaling, showing that TGFbeta induces TAZ via a Smad3-independent, p38- and MRTF-mediated and yet MRTF translocation-independent mechanism.PMID:28739802
Data suggest that Gas5 suppresses Tgfb1/Smad3 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells; Gas5 competitively binds Smad3 via multiple RNA Smad-binding elements. (Gas5 = growth arrest-specific 5 long non-coding RNA; Tgfb1 = transforming growth factor beta 1; Smad3 = MAD homolog 3 protein)PMID:28659340
point mutant that was unable to bind pSMAD3 proved ineffective. These findings indicate that specifically targeting pSMAD3 can ameliorate both the direct and indirect fibroproliferative actions of TGF-beta.PMID:28530637
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor AUDA decreases bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice by inhibiting the p38/Smad3 signaling pathway.PMID:28694203
A critical role for the Smad3-c-Jun pathway in the regulation of Fstl1.PMID:28495857
Mirtazapine suppressed 5-HT-mediated TGF-beta1/Smad3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways as well as oxidative stress that contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis.PMID:28623179
These results suggested that TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling was activated during CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice, and Smad3 overexpression aggravated acute liver injury by promoting inflammatory cells infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release and hepatocytes apoptosis.PMID:27224286
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels were significantly elevated in knock-outs in both sexes. Interestingly, luteinizing hormone production was altered in a sex-specific fashion. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that SMAD3 is required for FSH synthesis in vivoPMID:27994055
Evaluated the effects of the loss of Smad3 on the development of experimental argon laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The size of the CNV induced was significantly smaller in KO mice as compared with WT mice at day 14.PMID:26950486
emodin was found to increase the expression level of Sirt1, which decreased the level of deacetylated Smad3 to attenuate collagen deposition. Furthermore, the data suggested that there was direct binding between emodin and Sirt1. Sirt1regulated TGFb1/Smad signaling was involved in silica inhalationinduced lung fibrosis.PMID:27748907
HSP27 expression is upregulated in lung fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis, and subsequently, HSP27 modulates lung fibroblast differentiation through the Smad3 and ERK pathways.PMID:27909724
miR221 targets HMGA2 to inhibit leomycininduced pulmonary fibrosis through the TGFbeta1/Smad3 signaling pathway.PMID:27513632
Notch3 is an important protective factor for cardiac fibrosis in a myocardial infarction model, and the protective effect of Notch3 is attributable to its action on TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling.PMID:26487518
Smad3 deficiency leads to aortic aneurysms and sudden death in the Smad3 knockout animal model.PMID:27688095
TGF-beta1-induced inhibition of PPARgamma transcription depends on formation of a functional transcriptional regulatory complex that includes Smad3, mSin3A and HDAC1 at the PPARgamma promoter.PMID:27941310
Activation of CB2 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta1/Smad3 pathway in mice with myocardial infarction.PMID:27614871
The findings indicate that active Yap1 promotes the self-renewal of breast Tumor initiating cells by inhibiting Smad3 signaling.PMID:26695440
This study showed that Smad3 deficiency inhibits LTP induction by enhancing phasic and tonic GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.PMID:26826552
Suggest that hyperoxia-increased high-tidal-volume ventilation-induced acute lung injury partially depends on the Src and Smad3 pathways.PMID:26377087
Smad3 is a key transcriptional factor of TGF-beta signaling that differentially regulates T cell immune responses in a mouse model of cardiac allograft rejectionPMID:26219259
Smad3 deficiency leads to mandibular condyle degradation via the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P3 signaling axisPMID:26272361
pSmad3L-Ser signalling correlates with carcinogenesis of colon tumors and this work supports the hypothesis that pSmad2/3L-Thr immunostaining-positive cells are cancerPMID:25908723
SMAD3 deficiency promotes vessel wall remodeling, collagen fiber reorganization and leukocyte infiltration in an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model.PMID:25985281
Gremlin or Ad5.TGFbeta2 elevate IOP and upregulate the ECM protein FN in the TM of mice. These data show that gremlin signals through the Smad3-dependent pathway in the TM to elevate IOP.PMID:26284554
PTEN loss initiates tubular dysfunction via SMAD3- and p53-mediated fibrotic gene induction, with accompanying PAI-1-dependent proliferative arrest, and cooperates with TGFbeta1 to induce the expression of profibrotic genes and tubular apoptosis.PMID:25810340
Smad3 mediates diabetic cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, while preserving normal cardiac geometry and maintaining the integrity of the vascular wall.PMID:25985794
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Protein Families
Dwarfin/SMAD family
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in the brain and ovary. Detected in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, granule cells of the dentate gyrus, granular cells of the cerebral cortex and the granulosa cells of the ovary.