Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Value-added Deliverables
① 200ug * antigen (positive control); ② 1ml * Pre-immune serum (negative control);
Quality Guarantee
① Antibody purity can be guaranteed above 90% by SDS-PAGE detection; ② ELISA titer can be guaranteed 1: 64,000; ③ WB validation with antigen can be guaranteed positive;
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy vesicles formation, mitophagy, and nucleophagy. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 and ATG8 association to the vesicle membranes. ATG12-ATG5 rearranges the ATG3 catalytic center and enhances its E2 activity.
Gene References into Functions
Atg12 functions as a binding module for Atg3, the E2 enzyme for Atg8, thus endowing Atg5 with the ability to interact with Atg3 to facilitate Atg8 lipidation.PMID:23238393
Atg12-Atg5 induces a reorientation of the cysteine residue toward the threonine residue, which enhances the conjugase activity of Atg3PMID:23503366
It was shown that the yeast Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex directly binds membranes. Membrane binding is mediated by Atg5, inhibited by Atg12 and activated by Atg16.PMID:23064152
F154 plays a critical role in the assembly of a functional Atg12-Atg5.Atg16 complex that is requisite for autophagosome formation.PMID:16874032
the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate is a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3)-like enzyme for Atg8-PE conjugation reaction, distinctively promoting protein-lipid conjugationPMID:17986448
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Subcellular Location
Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Localizes to the isolation membrane (IM), a membrane sac which is generated from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS). Ultimately, the IM expands to become a mature autophagosome. Localizes also to a dot at the junction between the IM and the vacuolar membrane, termed the vacuole-IM contact site (VICS).