WFS1

WFS1 is a transmembrane protein primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This protein is crucial for the function and survival of pancreatic beta cells and is integral to insulin production and release. Variations in the WFS1 gene are linked to Wolfram syndrome, a rare condition marked by early-onset diabetes, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and deafness. Moreover, common WFS1 gene variations are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. The abnormal expression or function loss of WFS1 may lead to β cell dysfunction and cell death, which is related to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.