BCL2

BCL2, the B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 gene, aliases include anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W, Mcl-1 and others. It was initially identified in blood lymphocytes and was able to significantly inhibit cell death.The BCL2 gene has a complex mechanism of action and inhibits apoptosis mainly through the regulation of the mitochondrial pathway, where it prevents the release of cytochrome c and inhibits the effects of activated caspases on mitochondria, thereby maintaining cell survival. In addition, BCL2 also acts through various mechanisms such as antioxidant effects, inhibition of calcium ion flow across the membrane and regulation of ion channel protein function.

BCL2 plays a key role in the signalling pathway of apoptosis by interacting with pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, to form a dimer, which regulates mitochondrial membrane permeability, and thus affects the release of cytochrome c and activation of the Caspase cascade reaction. The biological significance of BCL2 is significant, as it not only plays a role in the balance between cell survival and apoptosis, but is also closely related to the development of many diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Dysfunction of BCL2 may lead to abnormal activation of apoptotic pathways, which may affect normal physiological functions of cells.