It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
-20°C, pH7.4 PBS, 0.05% NaN3, 40% Glycerol
Tested Applications
ELISA,WB
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.
Gene References into Functions
study reveals that upregulation of PGES via TLR3 is critical for BM-MSCs-mediated immunosuppression by PGE2 secretion via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.PMID:29273868
We report a significant association between TLR3 L412F and persistent clinical disease in two cohorts of Irish and American Caucasians with pulmonary sarcoidosis. This study identifies defective TLR3 function as a previously unidentified factor in persistent clinical disease in pulmonary sarcoidosis and reveals TLR3 L412F as a candidate biomarker.PMID:29237089
Data indicate that trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are vulnerable to HSV-1 because they require preemptive stimulation of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to induce antiviral immunity.PMID:30154162
These variations in the TLR3mediated signaling pathway molecules suggested that oxidative stress may be a key regulator for TLR3 activation during RSV infectionPMID:29845280
In conclusion, we demonstrated that EV71 infection induced elevated expressions of TLR3/4 and Notch1/2 in CD14+ monocytes.PMID:29702280
Increased TLR3 expression in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is associated with declining lung functionPMID:29264743
Data show that regenerating family member 3 alpha protein (REG3A) can modulate specific cutaneous inflammatory responses and that the decrease in cutaneous REG3A exacerbates toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated inflammation in diabetic skin wounds.PMID:27830702
These data indicate a novel role of the TLR3-TICAM-1 pathway in controlling miR-21 levels in extracellular vesicles.PMID:29679565
The TLR3.rs3775290 "CC" genotype was associated with hepatitis C virus chronicity, while the TLR9 gene may not play a major role in hepatitis C virus infection.PMID:29860675
CYLD inhibits post-transcriptional regulation of RIG-I and MDA5 expression following TLR3 activation in MCs. CYLD may be involved in the pathogenesis of CKDPMID:29166644
These results demonstrate that histamine up-regulates the expression of TLR3 and secretion of IL-13 and MCP-1 in mast cells, thus identifying a new mechanism for the histamine inducing allergic response.PMID:29742501
Reduced response of NK cells to TLR3 stimulation in children with recurrent infections has been observed.PMID:29975469
Using hepatocyte-based culture models for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we found a portion of HCV dsRNA intermediates to be released from infected cells in extracellular vesicles, which reduces activation of toll-like receptor 3.PMID:29535029
the association between TLR3, TLR4 variants and nine IL-6 polymorphisms, and response to anti-viral treatment during hepatitis C infection.PMID:28823914
results suggest that patients with Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms could be susceptible to periapical pathosis.PMID:27031066
The current study suggests that TLR3 signaling induces CCL5 expression via NF-kappaB and IRF3 in bile duct cells, and this pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of BA.PMID:29070776
The down regulation of TRIF, TLR3, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) expressions in chronic hepatitis C correlates with the disease severity and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infectionPMID:28480979
this study signifies that TLR3 adaptor molecules are necessary for the proper production of cytokines, chemokines and pro-labour mediators after TLR ligationPMID:28844021
we found that ORF3 protein downregulates TLR3-mediated NF-kappaB signaling via TRADD and RIP1. Our findings provide a new perspective on the cellular response in HEV infection and expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) pathogenesis in innate immunity.PMID:27270888
Increased expressions of TLR-3, TLR-4 and CD80 mRNA and the level of urinary CD80/creatinine could be useful markers to differentiate patients of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in relapse from those with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.PMID:28210837
TRIM56 may act as a tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma through activation of TLR3/TRIF signaling pathway.PMID:29214775
p53 mutants that retain the ability to transactivate TLR3, can be used together with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C) to alter immune responses mediated by this receptor, and subsequently increase TLR3-mediated apoptosisPMID:27533082
Positive rates of iNOS in cervical tissues were 72.1%, 28.2%, and 3.1% in the -HPV-positive patients with cervical cancer (CC group), HR-HPV group, and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). Levels of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, NF-kappaB p65, and iNOS in cervical epithelial cells were higher in CC group than in other groups.PMID:28626766
TLR signaling, in particular TLR3 activation, can efficiently reactivate HIV transcription in infected microglia, but not in monocytes or T cellsPMID:28166799
TLR3 stimulation induces the Warburg effect in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells in vitro, and suggest that TLR3 may play a role in tumor adaptation to hypoxia.PMID:27791989
we report that autophagy is associated with apoptosis processes, involving LC3 and TRIF-colocation in human HCC cells. Regulation of autophagy and the TLR3-TRIF pathway may be effective in the treatment of liver cancer.PMID:27338037
Polymorphism of CD209 and TLR3 genes in populations of North EurasiaPMID:29368829
TLR3-activated signaling enhanced the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of colitisPMID:27649928
the TLR3 Leu412Phe CC genotype is independently associated with severity of hepatitis C recurrence after LT.PMID:27101936
These data demonstrate that in the absence of HBsAg, hepatic hepatitis B virus replication leads to Tlr3-dependent interferon responses in non-parenchymal liver cells.PMID:27121087
Study found that the astrocytic TLR3-mediated cytokine expression profile is modulated by prostaglandin, and NF-kappaB, ERK1/2 and GSK-3beta are involved in the modulatory mechanism. These results suggest that pathological conditions with increased COX activity can neuroimmunologically alter neuron-glia interaction.PMID:25014275
Activation of TLR3 and TLR4 stimulated the expression of HIF-1 through NF-kappaB in oral squamous cell carcinomaPMID:27191981
The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 in Systemic lupus erythematosus patients.PMID:28544067
TLR3 or TLR4 activation of mesenchymal stem cells increases Treg cell induction via the Notch pathwayPMID:27571579
Data suggest that, unlike non-metastatic intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), metastatic IECs express TLR3 and that TLR3 agonists induce inflammatory cytokine (CXCL10) production and promote invasiveness of IECs. (TLR3 = toll-like receptor 3; CXCL10 = chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 10 protein)PMID:28717003
TLR3-activated macrophages release exosomes that contain anti-HCV microRNA (miRNA)-29 family memberPMID:27605546
homozygous IFITM3 CC and TLR3 CC genotypes showed significant independent associations with higher death risks in H7N9/H1N1pdm09 influenza in a large Chinese cohortPMID:28510725
TLR3 activation can induce metabolic reprogramming in a pharyngeal cancer cell line, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis, cell migration, elevated levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and decreased anti-oxidative response.PMID:27805282
Ligand-driven triggering of TLR-3, -4, NOD2, and DC-SIGN, despite reducing viral replication, markedly increased the capacity of infected dendritic cells to stimulate HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells.PMID:28266028
Since mumps virus SH coimmunoprecipitated with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), RIP1, and IRAK1, we hypothesize that SH exerts its NF-kappaB activation inhibitory function by interacting with TNFR1, interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), and TLR3 complexes in the plasma membrane of infected cells.PMID:28659487
Primary tumor-derived exosomal RNAs, which are enriched in small nuclear RNAs, activate TLR3 in lung epithelial cells, consequently inducing chemokine secretion in the lung and promoting neutrophil recruitment.PMID:27505671
the L412F polymorphism in the TLR3 gene could be a genetic risk factor for the development of human cytomegalovirus diseasePMID:28046022
Studied Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mutations in a cohort of 11 adult Italian viral encephalitis patients.PMID:28368532
This study concluded that M. catarrhalis reduces antiviral defense functions of bronchial epithelial cells, which may increase susceptibility to viral infections.PMID:26979086
Report PD-1/PD-L1 and TLR3 expression in malignant pleural mesotheliomas as possible tests for selection patients who could benefit from immunotherapy.PMID:26980049
LUBAC components control TLR3-mediated innate immunity, thereby preventing development of immunodeficiency and autoinflammation.PMID:27810922
found that TLR3 signaling induces the expression of IFI35, and IFI35 negatively regulates IFN-beta-P-STAT1-RIG-I-CXCL10/CCL5 axis in U373MG cells. This suggests that IFI35 expressed in astrocytes may play an important role in regulating the innate immune system in astrocytoma cells.PMID:28109979
COPD lung tissue explants showed a greater pro-inflammatory response to TLR3 or TLR7/8 activation than control smokers.PMID:27729782
frequency of TLR3 c.1377 TT homozygous mutant genotype in the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) patients was higher than that of the healthy controls in the clinical settings; in conclusion, presence of TLR3 c.1377 TT genotype may have a role in the susceptibility to CCHFPMID:26959380
TLR-3 c.1377 T-allele was associated with advanced stage of hepatic fibrosis in Egyptian patients. Frequency of polymorphic genotypes in TLR-3 (_7 C/A), TLR-3 (c.1377C/T) and TLR-9 (1237T/C) were not significantly different between studied HCV-positive patients and controls.PMID:28093541
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Subcellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane. Early endosome.
Protein Families
Toll-like receptor family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at high level in placenta and pancreas. Also detected in CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Only expressed in dendritic cells and not in other leukocytes, including monocyte precursors. TLR3 is the TLR that is expressed most strongly in the brain,