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Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
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Usage
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Involved in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and IFNG production in a PDCD1-independent manner. Interaction with PDCD1 inhibits T-cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression and cytokine production.
Gene References into Functions
Our results confirm and extend prior studies of PD-L1 and provide new data of PD-L2 expression in lymphomasPMID:29122656
High PD-L2 expression may be a target of immunotherapy in patients with PD-L1-negative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.PMID:30275216
The high-affinity PD-1 mutant could compete with the binding of antibodies specific to PD-L1 or PD-L2 on cancer cells.PMID:29890018
the binding affinities of the PD-1-PD-L1/PD-L2 co-inhibitory receptor system, was characterized.PMID:27447090
Tumor PDCD1LG2 expression is inversely associated with Crohn-like lymphoid reaction to colorectal cancer, suggesting a possible role of PDCD1LG2-expressing tumor cells in inhibiting the development of tertiary lymphoid tissues during colorectal carcinogenesis.PMID:29038297
The biopsy tumor key protein measurements demonstrate substantial between-tumor variation in expression ratios of these proteins and suggest that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 PD-L2 is present in some tumors at levels sufficient to contribute to programmed cell death-1 PD-1-dependent T-cell regulation and possibly to affect responses to PD-1- and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 PD-L1-blocking drugs.PMID:28546465
the positive rate of PD-L2 did not show any differences between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression, PD-L2 expression, a low density of CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors, and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors were associated with poor prognosis.PMID:28754154
in some tumor types, PD-L2 expression is more closely linked to Th1/IFNG expression and PD-1 and CD8 signaling than PD-L1PMID:27837027
Clinical response to pembrolizumab in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)may be related partly to blockade of PD-1/PD-L2 interactions. Therapy targeting both PD-1 ligands may provide clinical benefit in these patients.PMID:28619999
PD-L2 is regulated by both interferon beta and gamma signaling.PMID:28494868
Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular CarcinomaPMID:27456947
Data suggest that hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is a direct transcriptional inducer of genes encoding PDL1 and PDL2 in myeloid cells/macrophages; this up-regulation of gene expression appears to be species- and cells-specific.PMID:29061851
PD-L2 copy number gains were not related to PD-L2 augmentation in non-small cell lung cancer.PMID:27050074
PD-L2 expression has been reported in 52% of esophageal adenocarcinomas but little is known about the expression of other immune checkpointsPMID:28561677
Low PD-L2 expression is associated with pediatric solid tumors.PMID:28488345
this study shows that higher PD-L2 expression on blood dendritic cells, from Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals, correlates with lower parasitemiaPMID:27533014
PD-L1/PD-L2 copy number alterations are a defining feature of classical Hodgkin lymphoma.PMID:27069084
PDL2 was overexpressed in Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma.PMID:26980034
higher expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on CD1a(+) cells than that on CD83(+) cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tumour tissues may contribute to negative regulation in anti-tumour immune responsesPMID:28052400
stable ectopic expression of wild-type PDCD1LG2 and the PDCD1LG2-IGHV7-81 fusion showed, in coculture, significantly reduced T-cell activation.PMID:27268263
The expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in CD3(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells and serum IFN-gamma level in progressive hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher than controls.PMID:27609582
Downregulation of the immunosuppressive molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1, may imply that over-activation of immune cells in multiple sclerosis occurs through signaling dysfunction of these molecules and PD-L2 plays no important role in this contextPMID:27921410
an IL-27/Stat3 axis induces expression of programmed cell death 1 ligands (PD-L1/2) on infiltrating macrophages in lymphomaPMID:27564404
High PD-L2 expression is associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma.PMID:26464193
knocking down in dendritic cells results in activation of inflammatory T cellsPMID:26599163
We observed cogain or coamplification of CD274 and PDCD1LG2 in 32 of 48 cervical and 10 of 23 vulvar squamous cell carcinomasPMID:26913631
PD-L2 expression was neither associated with VEGF-TKI responsiveness nor patients' outcomePMID:26424759
PD-L1 and PD-L2 are useful new markers for identifying select histiocyte and dendritic cell disorders and reveal novel patient populations as rational candidates for immunotherapyPMID:26752545
Genomic amplification of 9p24.1 targeting JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 is enriched in high-risk triple negative breast cancer.PMID:26317899
the inflammatory environment in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma may contribute to the expression of PD-L2.PMID:26081225
PDL2 could promote the ability of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to augment the secretion of IL-10.PMID:26432559
We suggest that decreased expression of programmed death-ligand 1, 2 on psoriatic epidermis can contribute to its chronic unregulated inflammatory characteristics.PMID:26133691
Suggest role for PD-L2 in recurrence of hepatitis C infection post orthotopic liver transplantation.PMID:25675203
Report PD-L2 expression in breast neoplasms.PMID:26541326
Data indicate that pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) very frequently express CD274 antigen (PD-L1) and CD273 antigen (PD-L2).PMID:26329973
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma is associated with an increased number of CD8(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytess and increased MET expression.PMID:25662388
Results show that human-derived chordoma cell lines demonstrate inducible expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2, and that primary chordoma tissue shows variable expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in infiltrating immune cellsPMID:25349132
conclude that PD-L2 protein is robustly expressed by the majority of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphomasPMID:25025450
PD-1/PD-Ls pathways on PMCs inhibited proliferation and adhesion activity of CD4+ T cells, suggesting that Mycobacterium tuberculosis might exploit PD-1/PD-Ls pathways to evade host cell immune response in human.PMID:24406080
High Expression of PD-L2 is associated with myelodysplastic syndromes.PMID:24270737
Data indicate that the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling pathway regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) during the maturation process.PMID:24532425
Recurrent genomic rearrangement events in CD274 and PDCD1LG2 underlie an immune privilege phenotype in a subset of B-cell lymphomas.PMID:24497532
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on hPMSCs could inhibit the hPMSCs-mediated up-regulation on the expression of IL-17 secreted by peripheral blood T cellsPMID:23388330
Macrophages from infected animals show increased expression of PDL2 and CD80 that was dependent from the sex of the host.PMID:23533995
expression of PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in liver biopsies from HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were analyzed; results showed all 3 molecules were observed in the HBV-ACLF samples and levels were significantly higher than in CHBPMID:22895698
Data show that PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CCL17, and CCL22 mRNA was identified in papillomas.PMID:22322668
Data suggest that brain endothelial cells contribute to control T cell transmigration into the CNS and immune responses via PD-L2 but not PD-L1 expression.PMID:22067141
increased expression of PD-L2, as a costimulatory molecule, may have an important modulatory function on the local immune responses of OLP in vivo.PMID:21457347
Data suggest that PD-L1 may contribute to negative regulation of the immune response in chronic hepatitis B, and that PD-1 and PD-L1 and 2 may play a role in immune evasion of tumors.PMID:21876620
Our results suggest that PD-1 G-536A, PD-L1 A8923C and PD-L2 C47103T polymorphisms are associated with the presence of ankylosing spondylitis.PMID:21791547
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Subcellular Location
[Isoform 3]: Secreted.; [Isoform 2]: Endomembrane system; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Protein Families
Immunoglobulin superfamily, BTN/MOG family
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in heart, placenta, pancreas, lung and liver and weakly expressed in spleen, lymph nodes and thymus.